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ART NOUVEAU AND LATVIAN LANDSCAPE PAINTING AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY (Jugendstils un latviesu ainavu gleznieciba gadsimtu mija)

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Kacalova T.

Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei

2000

vol. 1

70-73

At the time when Art Nouveau first arrived in Latvia, landscapes were a favored genre - one which offered a wealth of subjects and motifs and which was inherited from Russian and Scandinavian artists who had worked in the spirit of Realism. A successful study of this issue would allow us to determine the phases that were important to the development of the genre more completely, because in Latvia, Art Nouveau did not replace earlier styles, but co-existed with them. Most often, Art Nouveau was expressed as an ingredient in solutions which conformed to the demands of other styles. The arrival of Art Nouveau elements in Latvian landscape painting was a gradual process, and there are relatively few landscapes that are typically Art Nouveau in style. Art Nouveau did not subjugate Latvian art, but it did affect the mentality of Latvian artists. The main resources of its formal idiom (decoration and rhythm) awakened centuries-old sub-conscious understandings of these values, thus facilitating the establishment of a national art. A vivid example of Latvian landscape painting at the turn of the century is provided by the work of Vilhelms Purvitis (1872-1945) who, more than his contemporaries, managed to adapt the formal idiom of the new style to the needs of landscape painting while at the same time not turning his works into typical Art Nouveau stylizations. There should be more research on the work which Purvitis did in the late 19th and early 20th century, because it hides the key to revealing the most important aspects of Art Nouveau iconography and, by extension, the key to a broader understanding of Latvian landscape painting.

THE LANDSCAPE PAINTING MASTER STUDIO OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF ART. STRUCTURE. FACTS. STUDENTS (Latvijas Makslas akademijas Dabasskatu meistardarbnica)

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Ogle K.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

2003

vol. 1

24-38

The founder of the Latvian Academy of Art, its first rector and tutor was Vilhelms Purvitis (1872-1945), who also ranks high in Latvian art and is unquestionably its most outstanding landscape painter. Ever since the opening of the Academy (1921) Purvitis taught painting and ran the Landscape Painting Master Studio until 1944. Due to his great experience and broad outlook, Purvitis was a competent tutor. There were two main grades for Landscape Painting Studio's apprentices - those who were admitted and the entering ones, but the difference between them was not strictly determined. To be admitted meant to spend some trial period under master's supervision. For some students it could last for several years, but others (especially those who crossed over from other studios) could enter the Landscape Painting Master Studio at once. The Master Studio saw very different students in terms of number (e.g. 2 students in the first study year or 30 in 1932/33), nationality (basically Latvians, but also 2 Russians, 1 Lithuanian, 1 Osset), age (from 17 to 40). 90 people passed through Purvitis workshop at all. 49 of them graduated from the master studio by working out the diploma work. Students deeply respected him because of their master's sensitive and individual approach to each one of them. Purvitis chose the most talented young artists for his studio - the selection was carried out during the autumn shows. The most significant indicator for the aspirants of the Landscape Painting Studio seemed to be the profound sense of color - the master was sure that this was the ability, which could not be taught and depended only on student's inherited talent. The painter taught his students to strive for pure tonality, tightly constructed composition and generalisation of the image. Meticulous nature studies resulted in a deep feeling and thorough understanding for Latvia's nature. Like Arkhip Kuinji, Purvitis' teacher at the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Art, the master never forced his style onto his students.

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ART NOUVEAU AND LATVIAN LANDSCAPE PAINTING AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY (Jugendstils un latviesu ainavu gleznieciba gadsimtu mija)

THE LANDSCAPE PAINTING MASTER STUDIO OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF ART. STRUCTURE. FACTS. STUDENTS (Latvijas Makslas akademijas Dabasskatu meistardarbnica)