Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 12

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Palmyra
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

IDEA CZŁOWIEKA I BÓSTWA W STAROŻYTNOŚCI CZĘŚĆ I: Gods and temples of Palmyra

100%
Gawlikowski M.
Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
|
2014
|
vol. 15(3)
76-91
PL
The paper is based on a lecture given at the University of Gdansk in 2010. Four sanctuaries that have been excavated in Palmyra are briefly presented according to the latest research. The principal sanctuary of Bel and those of Ba‘alshamin and of Nabu are published by their excavators. The ideas about the cult of Bel as formulated forty years ago can now be reconsidered. The sanctuary of Allat, the last to be excavated, was already presented in several preliminary papers and the final publication is nearing completion. Some observations concerning this sanctuary are submitted here for the first time.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

The Indian trade between the Gulf and the Red Sea

100%
Gawlikowski M.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
|
2017
|
vol. 26(2)
15-30
EN
This essay evaluates the relative importance of the maritime trade between the Roman Empire and India along two routes that were in use: one started and ended on the Egyptian shore of the Red Sea, the other at the head of the Gulf. Both continued on land along caravan tracks to the Nile valley or through the Syrian desert to Palmyra. The latter land route, longer and presumably more cost-consuming, was used only during the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. The land link with the Far East, the so-called Silk Road, does not seem to have been regularly used. A document from Palmyra allows to estimate the value of the trade along the Syrian route as much smaller than that of the Red Sea traffic. It could have been mainly of local, Syrian importance, and lasted only as long as political circumstances allowed.
3
Content available remote

THE IDEA OF MAN AND DIVINITY IN ANTIQUITY PART I: Gods and temples of Palmyra

100%
Gawlikowski M.
Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
|
2014
|
vol. 15(3)
76-91
EN
The paper is based on a lecture given at the University of Gdansk in 2010. Four sanctuaries that have been excavated in Palmyra are briefly presented according to the latest research. The principal sanctuary of Bel and those of Ba‘alshamin and of Nabu are published by their excavators. The ideas about the cult of Bel as formulated forty years ago can now be reconsidered. The sanctuary of Allat, the last to be excavated, was already presented in several preliminary papers and the final publication is nearing completion. Some observations concerning this sanctuary are submitted here for the first time.
4
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

A new look on some old glass finds from Palmyra

100%
Gawlikowska K.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
|
2015
|
vol. 24(1)
779-789
EN
Glass finds from Polish excavations in Palmyra from 1959 to 1973 in tombs and in Diocletian’s Camp, not all of them already published, are reviewed and presented with new photographs and drawings.
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Restoration of the Lion of Allat statue from Palmyra after the 2015 devastation

100%
Markowski B.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
|
2019
|
vol. 28(2)
509-519
EN
The Lion of Allat statue from the Temple of Allat in Palmyra suffered extensive damages during the 2015 devastation of monuments in the ancient oasis city. Discovered in the mis 1970s, it was reconstructed in 1977 and then preserved again in a new arrangement that recalled the original context of the statue in 2005. In 2017 and 2018, the statue was recreated once again in the gardens of the National Museum in Damascus. The article traces the restoration process, providing detailed data on the current condition of this monumental statue.
6
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Portraying the Literacy of Palmyra. The Evidence of Funerary Sculpture and its Interpretation

88%
Sokołowski Ł.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
|
2014
|
issue 27
375–403
EN
Next to Edessa, Palmyra was the only example of a city in the Roman Syria where the local Aramaic dialect has never gone out of use, nor has it been displaced in inscriptions. The epigraphic material from Palmyra consists in fact of a large corpus of inscriptions. Interestingly, most of them are associated with local sepulchral art. They were typically placed on the limestone slabs decorated in high relief by portraits of the deceased citizens, usually in a form of bust, rarely a figure or stele. Approximately 145 such sculptures were taken into consideration. The Palmyrenians on these funerary portraits are often depicted with the writing attributes, such as roll and capsa, the wide and narrow tablets, poliptych and codex, schedula, double schedula, stylus, and also keys. The question arises, what meanings did these figural tombstone decorations with such attributes originally expressed? In this study the author investigates the private, sepulchral character of Palmyrene portraits, their iconographic message, their local archaeological context and epigraphic (often bilingual) data. As a result four types of symbolical representations could be distinguished: (I) Schoolboys and Students; (II) Citizens of Greek Polis and of the Roman Empire; (III) Entrepreneurs (merchants, administrators, camel drivers and meharistes); (IV) Mourners (Tomb Owners and Priests). The Palmyrene funerary busts supply an outstanding documentation of noticeable use of writing tools in the Roman East. The abundant number of funerary representations with writing attributes implies a degree of statistical importance. The broad representation of writing attributes in funerary sculpture of Palmyra provides new arguments in the discussion on the literacy in the Ancient World, or at least in the Roman Syria. Funerary reliefs examined in this study are mostly depictions of commoners who represent middle and lower strata of the Roman provincial society. Consequently, it seems that the ability to use Aramaic and Greek alphabets was not uncommon. What is more, the ability to read and write in both languages was probably fairly widespread throughout the territory of the Roman Syria.
7
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Pinpointing Unrest at Palmyra in the Early Islamic Period. The Evidence from Coin Hoards and Written Sources

75%
Intagliata E. E.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
|
2018
|
vol. XXXI
181-194
EN
This article collates the evidence of coin hoards from Palmyra in order to reflect on the causes behind some of the most dramatic events that befell the city in Late Antiquity and early Islam. After having stressed the importance of coin hoards as sources to reconstruct the city’s past by looking at a couple of examples dated to the fourth century AD, the article moves on to the early Islamic period. It argues that the unusual concentration of coin hoards dated to the second half of the seventh century suggests that the city underwent a period of unrest at that time and reflects on the causes that might have triggered it.
8
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Lamps from the temenos of Allat in Palmyra

75%
Krogulska†, Maria
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
|
2019
|
vol. 28(1)
385-422
EN
Excavation in the temenos of Allat in Palmyra in the 1970s uncovered a deposit of clay lamps with a few vessels and coins. Inside the cella, the lamps were clustered in two groups, a few examples were found also in the temenos outside the cella. All in all, there were 191 complete and fragmentary lamps, the bulk of them made locally in Palmyra. The assemblage reveals two trends in oil lamp production: wheel-made lamps with different numbers of nozzles and imitation of imported lamps moulded from archetypes. The assemblage from the temenos is of 4th century date, but many of the moulded lamps copy Greek and Roman types from the 3rd century, with Antioch-on-the-Orontes being a highly probable source of inspiration for Palmyrean lampmakers. Special in this context are rectangular multi-nozzled lamps with relief decoration, in one case menorahs framing a scallop shell and a figural fieze, most likely a Dionysiac thiasos.
9
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Palmyrska taryfa celna a współczesne zasady poboru ceł i podatków

71%
Czyżowicz W.
Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych
|
2021
|
vol. 9(301)
40-52
EN
The article is dedicated to the Palmyra Customs Tariff, the first written document in the history of Customs, regulating rules of collection of public levies in Palmyra, the ancient city located in modern-day Syria. The document from the first half of the second century A.D. was engraved on a block of stone in two languages: Greek and Aramaic. The paper presents the historical background of the document’s creation and describes its discovery and circumstances, that we owe its preservation to this day. On the basis of an literature study (positions mainly in Russian, German, French and English that are rather difficult to access nowadays) mostly related to the research of archaeologists and linguists, the author has conducted a legal and economic analysis of the Tariff and translated its full preserved text into Polish.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony Palmyrskiej taryfie celnej, pierwszemu pisemnemu, w znanej nam historii celnictwa, dokumentowi regulującemu zasady poboru i wysokość danin publicznych w starożytnym mieście Palmyra, położonym na terenach dzisiejszej Syrii. Dokument pochodzący z pierwszej połowy drugiego stulecia naszej ery został wyryty na kamiennym bloku w dwóch językach: greckim i aramejskim. W artykule przedstawiono tło historyczne powstania dokumentu oraz opisano jego odkrycie i okoliczności, którym zawdzięczamy jego zachowanie do dzisiaj. Z wykorzystaniem obecnie już raczej trudno dostępnej literatury, głównie w języku rosyjskim, niemieckim, francuskim i angielskim, wiążącej się przede wszystkim z badaniami archeologów i lingwistów, autor przeprowadził analizę prawno-ekonomiczną taryfy oraz przetłumaczył jej pełny zachowany tekst na język polski.
10
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

WSPÓŁCZESNE OBRAZOBURSTWO ISLAMSKIE – ZAGROŻENIE DLA ŚWIATOWEGO DZIEDZICTWA KULTUROWEGO

51%
Rozmus D.
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
|
2018
|
vol. 2
|
issue XVIII
145-157
PL
Ogromne zniszczenia w substancji zabytkowej na terenie Syrii i Iraku spowodowane przez działalność ISIS można tłumaczyć nie tylko fanatycznym ikonoklazmem o podłożu religijnym. Ideolodzy ruchów dżihadu na obszarze tzw. Państwa Islamskiego dążą do wprowadzenia jednej, zunifikowanej wersji islamu. W ich świecie nie ma miejsca na demokrację, laicyzm, nacjonalizm (nawet na patriotyzm) i inne „potworności” Zachodu. Przy nakładzie ogromnych środków niszczono zabytki będące elementami lokalnych tradycji. Wobec tragedii ludzi rozważania o stratach w dziedzinie szeroko pojmowanej kultury mogą być tylko uzupełnieniem opisu niewyobrażalnych tragedii, które spowodowały wojny na Bliskim Wschodzie. Można jednak na tę kwestię spojrzeć taki sposób, w którym nie oddzielamy ludzi od ich dziedzictwa. Człowiek jest bowiem integralną częścią swojej kultury. “This isn’t a choice between people or stone,” said Deborah Lehr, chair of Antiquities Coalition. “Culture is part of who these people are, and this, ironically, is the cradle of civilization”. W związku z zaistniałą sytuacją ogromnego znaczenia nabiera inwentaryzacja oraz digitalizacja zabytków i architektury. Zabiegi te winno też prowadzić się z użyciem najnowszych metod teledetekcji satelitarnej.
EN
The vast destruction of the heritage sites in Syria and Iraq caused by the activities of ISIS may not only be attributed to fanatical iconoclasm with a religious background. The ideologists of the jihad movements in the so-called Islamic State intend to introduce one, unified version of Islam. In their world, there is no place for democracy, secularity, nationalism (even for patriotism) and other “abominations” of the West. Monuments which constituted elements of local traditions were destroyed with the application of huge resources. In the face of the tragedy of people, considerations in the field of broadly conceived culture may only supplement a description of unspeakable tragedies which were caused by the wars in the Near East. However, we may examine this question in such a way as not to separate the people from their heritage, for a human being is an integral part of his or her culture. “This isn’t a choice between people or stone,” said Deborah Lehr, chair of Antiquities Coalition. “Culture is part of who these people are, and this, ironically, is the cradle of civilization.”. Due to the situation which occurred, the stock-taking and digitalisation of artefacts and architectural monuments assumes huge significance. These proceedings should be also conducted with the use of the most recent methods of satellite teledetection.
11
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

The eagle from Rzecz o wolności słowa

51%
Chlebowski P.
Studia Norwidiana
|
2019
|
vol. 37 English Version
199-214
EN
The article attempts at explaining the motif of the eagle which appears in the final Song XIV in the poem Rzecz o wolności słowa. Previous scholars have unambiguously associated this symbolic vision with the apocalypse and with the figure of St John. The reading of Volney’s Travels through Syria and Egypt, supported by the source description of Palmyra’s ruins from Robert Wood’s The Ruines of Palmyra, otherwise Tedmor, in the Desert (1753), points rather to an archaeological source of Norwid’s imagery – the image of the ruins of the Palmyrene Temple of the Sun (Baal).
12

Orzeł z Rzeczy o wolności słowa

51%
Chlebowski P.
Studia Norwidiana
|
2019
|
vol. 37
201-216
PL
Artykuł przynosi próbę wyjaśnienia motywu orła, który pojawia się w finalnej XIV pieśni poematu Rzeczy o wolności słowa. Dotąd w literaturze przedmiotu tę symboliczną wizję łączono jednoznacznie z apokalipsą oraz z postacią św. Jana. Lektura Volney’owskiej Podróży do Syrii i Egiptu, wspartej źródłowym dla niej opisem ruin Palmiry z dzieła Roberta Wooda The Ruines of Palmyra otherwise Tedmor in the Desert (1753), wskazuje raczej na archeologiczne źródło Norwidowskiego obrazowania: obraz ruin palmireńskiej Świątyni Słońca (Baala).
EN
The article attempts at explaining the motif of the eagle which appears in the final Song XIV in the poem Rzecz o wolności słowa. Previous scholars have unambiguously associated this symbolic vision with the apocalypse and with the figure of St John. The reading of Volney’s Travels through Syria and Egypt, supported by the source description of Palmyra’s ruins from Robert Wood’s The Ruines of Palmyra, otherwise Tedmor, in the Desert (1753), points rather to an archaeological source of Norwid’s imagery – the image of the ruins of the Palmyrene Temple of the Sun (Baal).
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.