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1
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Physical activity of students from selected countries. Studies review.

100%
Bergier M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2015
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vol. 5
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issue 2
169-173
EN
Purpose: The aim of the presented study was the comparison of physical activity of students from selected countries. The key of paper selection was to find various kinds of students groups from different countries and different cultures. The author compared results of students’ physical activity.Materials and methods: The paper compare the previously published papers aboutphysical activity of students from selected countries. All respondents were examined using as an instrument the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), a standardized questionnaire which enables the investigation and comparison of activity of various population groups.Results: Analysis of results of the study showed a great differentiation among students from individual countries. In each examined group of students, males proved to be the most active gender; however, among countries characterized by the highest physical activity, the results obtained by females were sometimes higher than those concerning males from countries characterized by lower activity. The study showed that the most active students are Americans and Czechs, whereas students from Croatia and South Africa show low physical activity.Conclusions: The conducted analyses demonstrated that in each country in the study the level of total activity is higher among males than females. The differences in the results of the summary MET value in males remained within the range 2,800 – 6,500 MET, while in females - within the range 1,700 – 5,900 MET. Male students were usually characterized by a high level of physical activity, whereas female students by a moderate level. Among Polish students, similar to their contemporaries from other countries, the level of total physical activity was higher among males than females. Polish students were most often characterized by a moderate level of physical activity.
2
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The physiological impact of physical activity on psychological stress

100%
Habibzadeh N.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2015
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vol. 5
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issue 2
245-248
EN
Stress is one of the single most significant factor for many physical and psychological dilemma. Long-term exposure to stress or chronic stress can lead to serious physical and psychological problems such as headaches, fatigue, depression, anxiety, stomachache, heart problems, chest pain, asthma, hypertension, liver dysfunction, diabetes, arthritis, suppressed immune system , skin conditions, irregular ministerial cycle, infertility, accelerated aging process,and premature death. As under perennial and /or continual stress condition the body releases excessive cortisol hormone that results in aforementioned issues. Physical activity may beneficial for mental and physical body system. Under intense or endurance exercise however increase total cortisol released levels far above the moderate training modalities which can be a destructive factor for people under extreme negative stress and can make worse stress health risk conditions.Thus, caution is need to be considered for people with negative stress.Nonetheless, according to the American physical activity guideline 10 minutes moderate aerobic exercise such as walking in division of 2×10 min or 3×10 min per day that can be performed throughout the week, seems to be helpful alternative for all adult in part people with psychological negative stress.
3
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Impact of physical activity on longevity: A review of the literature

100%
Hoti F.
Atena Journal of Public Health
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2021
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vol. 3
4-4
EN
Objectives: The aim of this review was to explain the literature about the association between physical activity and longevity. Methods: The search was carried out in all databases of Web of Science and in all years (1900-2020), until December 31, 2020. The search term was “physical activity longevity” and the search was restricted to title. The inclusion criteria for papers were: 1. Type: Original papers. 2. Language: English. 3. Sample: Human participants. 4. Measures: Longevity and physical activity. Findings: A total of 52 papers were found. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 15 papers of these 52 papers were included in this review. The 15 studies found that physical activity have a positive impact on longevity. Conclusions: Physical activity can extend longevity and delay mortality. Future studies should focus on explaining the influence of different types of physical activities on longevity and identifying potential mechanisms. Public health strategies should be implemented to increase the physical activity levels of the population.
4
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Physical Activity and Health

88%
Uher I., Küchelová Z., Cimboláková I., Pivovarnik J.
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie Kultura Fizyczna
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2016
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vol. 15
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issue 3
67–74
EN
Health is a condition of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of illness or disability. Health is not something one receives but something one has to work and strive towards. This presupposes active efforts from the individual, the family, and the community. In the chain of causative factors and pathological processes which can lead to illness, disability, and death, there are many links, some known and some unknown. Our resources and means must be applied at that point in the causative chain where the best prospects lie for reducing the incidence of illness, disability, and death. Diseases due lifestyle and environmental factors now dominate our health statistics. Material standards of living and personal philosophy of life bear a close relationship to the origin and development of these diseases. In that respect, regular physical activity is seen as an essential component in a lifestyle which itself is the basis for the health promoting idea. In our review we look into physical activity and its influence on health.
PL
Zdrowie to stan pełnego fizycznego, umysłowego i społecznego dobrostanu, a nie tylko brak choroby czy kalectwa. Nie jest to coś, co się dostaje, lecz coś, na co trzeba pracować i o co trzeba się starać. Implikuje to konieczność podejmowania aktywnych wysiłków przez pojedynczych ludzi, rodziny i społeczności. W łańcuchu czynników sprawczych i procesów patologicznych prowadzących do choroby, kalectwa i zgonu, jest wiele ogniw, znanych nam i nieznanych. Nasze wysiłki należy skoncentrować na tym punkcie owego łańcucha przyczynowego, w którym istnieją najlepiej rokujące perspektywy zmniejszenia prawdopodobieństwa zapadalności na choroby, zapobiegania kalectwu i zgonom. Chorobogenny styl życia i czynniki środowiskowe dominują obecnie w naszych statystykach zdrowotności. Materialne warunki życia i filozofia osobista leżą u podstaw powstawania i rozwoju chorób. Pod tym względem, regularna aktywność fizyczna uważana jest za podstawowy składnik stylu życia, będący podstawą idei promowania zdrowia. W artykule omówiono aktywność fizyczną i jej wpływ na zdrowie.
5
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Assessment and physical activities of daily living among patients under long-term home care nursing

88%
Mojsa W., Chlabicz S.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2015
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vol. 5
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issue 1
56-62
EN
Purpose: To assess the degree of independence in physical activities of daily living for patients under long-term in-home nursing care; to evaluate any changes in physical activities of daily living at entry and after 90 days of in-home nursing care. Materials and methods: InterRAI-HC (Residental Assessment Instrument – Home Care) questionnaire was used as a tool according to the protocol and assessed patients at entry and again after 90 days. The participants consisted of 100 consecutive patients who were newly admitted to long-term in-home nursing care.Results: The analysis of total dependence showed that more than 50% of patients were entirely dependent in eight out of ten specified physical activities of daily living (except mobility in bed and food consumption). Intention to treat analysis was performed; the percentages of patients totally dependent in performing eating and mobility in bed actions increased significantly by the 90-day follow-up. Also a comparison of the mean value of independence for analyzed activities did not change significantly over the 90 days, with the only exception being the mean value of independence for dressing up the upper part of the body, which significantly improved after 90 days per protocol analysis. A high mortality rate is noted among these patients (15% by the 90 day follow-up). This probably resulted from the restrictive qualification criteria used in Poland for patients to receive this form of in-home healthcare service.Conclusions: The majority of patients who are under long-term in-home nursing care in Poland are entirely dependent when it comes to the physical activities of daily living.
6
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Levels of physical activity in people with diabetes residing in Spain

88%
González-Carcelén C. M., Nicolás López J., López Sánchez G. F.
Atena Journal of Public Health
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2020
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vol. 2
2-2
EN
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the level of physical activity in people with diabetes, depending on their characteristics. Methods: The sample consisted of 81 participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and belonging to a diabetes care association. First of all, the participants completed the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Questionnaire online. Subsequently, they indicated their sex, age, type of diabetes, the presence of other complications and the years since diagnosis. In addition, data on consumption of tobacco and alcohol, glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting glucose were collected. For the analysis of the data, t-test for independent samples was used to compare means between categories, always with a level of significance of p <.05. Furthermore, effect size was calculated through Cohen’s d. Finally, the frequency and the percentage of the variables were calculated. Findings: The results showed in all the categories an average level of physical activity higher than the recommendations of physical activity for people with diabetes, being the level of physical activity predominantly moderate. Although women also complied with the recommendations for physical activity, their level of physical activity was significantly lower than the level of men Conclusions: It is recommended to expand the research on the barriers and motivations found by people with diabetes to practice physical activity, playing special attention to women with diabetes.
7
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Ekstremalny wymiar Ekstremalnej Drogi Krzyżowej w świetle badań wysiłku uczestników

75%
Iwanecka M., Majorek M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2020
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vol. 392
113-124
PL
Ekstremalna Droga Krzyżowa (EDK) to nowa forma tradycyjnego nabożeństwa Drogi Krzyżowej. Polega ona na przejściu nocą, samotnie i w milczeniu trasy o długości ponad 40 km, podczas której są rozważane stacje Drogi Krzyżowej. Cechą odróżniającą EDK od innych nabożeństw pasyjnych jest podjęcie na tyle dużego wysiłku fizycznego, który – pokonywany – powinien prowadzić do spotkania z Bogiem. Przeprowadzone badania terenowe miały na celu ustalenie, czy EDK rzeczywiście jest ekstremalną aktywnością. Badania były związane z pomiarem parametrów treningowych (tętna, dystansu, czasu trwania wysiłku, kosztu kalorycznego, obciążenia treningowego, czasu regeneracji) u wybranej grupy uczestników typowej EDK. Otrzymane dane wskazują, że wysiłek fizyczny podczas EDK jest duży lub ekstremalnie duży, co potwierdza ekstremalność EDK.
EN
Extreme Way of the Cross (EDK) it’s a new form of traditional devotion of Way of the Cross. Relies on walk by night, alone and in silence more than 40 km route, while contemplate Way of the Cross station. Difference between EDK and others passion devotions it’s a big effort in EDK, which lead to meet with God. Conducted field research were intended to determine, whether EDK indeed is an extreme activity. Research were related with measurement training parameters (pulse, distance, duration of effort, caloric cost, training load, recovery time) at the selected group of the typical EDK. Test results indicate, that physical effort during EDK is big or extremely big, which confirms the extreme of the EDK.
8
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Barriers to physical activity in people with diabetes residing in Spain

75%
Nicolás López J., González Carcelén C. M., López Sánchez G. F.
Atena Journal of Public Health
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2020
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vol. 2
3-3
EN
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to perform an analysis of the barriers to the practice of physical activity and diet in people with diabetes mellitus residing in Spain. Methods: Ninety participants (40 men and 50 women) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (71) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (19) residing in Spain, and aged between 12 and 80 years (average age 41.12 ± 17.04) were part of the present study. The participants were asked about the sociodemographic variables of sex and age, as well as the type of diabetes, the presence of other associated pathologies and the years elapsed since their diagnosis. The participants were also asked about the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Afterwards, the barriers or difficulties perceived in relation to physical exercise were assessed through the Barriers Self-Report for the Practice of Physical Activity (BSPPA) and the diet with the Questionnaire of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MEDAS-14). Then, the participants provided information regarding their last blood test with respect to the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose. A descriptive analysis was carried out to present the characteristics of the sample as well as the barriers for the practice of physical activity presented by the sample studied. Finally, a comparison analysis of means was carried out using the Student's t test for independent samples, showing the significant differences between the barriers for the practice of physical activity according to the characteristics of the sample. Findings: The data showed how the Obligations / Lack of time factor represents the main barrier to the practice of physical activity in this population, especially in women, in those under 65 and in people with type 1 diabetes. Conclusions: In general, it is observed that all those categories that may indicate a less healthy lifestyle have a greater degree of agreement with the perceived barriers.
9
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POSTAWA ZDROWOTNA STUDENTÓW BIALSKICH UCZELNI WYŻSZYCH Z UWZGLĘDNIENIEM OSÓB TRENUJĄCYCH I NIETRENUJĄCYCH

63%
Stępień E., Stępień J., Olesiejuk M., Baj-Korpak J.
Roczniki Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Wychowania Fizycznego i Turystyki w Białymstoku
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2016
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issue 1(15)
25-38 s.
PL
W warunkach współczesnej cywilizacji szczególnego znaczenia nabiera zdrowy styl życia. Jest to problem ważny z punktu widzenia społecznego i wciąż aktualny, podejmowany w badaniach naukowych w Polsce i za granicą. Stąd celem badań była analiza porównawcza postawy prozdrowotnej studentów wyczynowo uprawiających sport i studentów nietrenujących. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego wykorzystując technikę ankiety. Ogółem przebadano 112 studentów dwóch bialskich uczelni. Bardziej pozytywne i silniejsze postawy prozdrowotne prezentują studenci systematycznie trenujący. Należałoby zintensyfikować oddziaływania uczelni wyższych zmierzające do wdrażania programów edukacyjnych oraz kształtowania zachowań zdrowotnych studentów a także badania naukowe w zakresie odżywiania, aktywności fizycznej i unikania używek.
EN
In the conditions of modern civilization a healthy lifestyle is particularly important. This is a serious, still valid problem from the social point of view, undertaken in scientific research in Poland and abroad. Hence, the purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of pro-health attitudes of students regarding competitive athletes and untrained students. In the study a diagnostic survey method was used with a technique of questionnaire. A total number of 112 students of two Biala Podlaska higher education institutions were researched. The more positive and stronger pro-health attitudes are represented by students who train regularly. The impact of higher education institutions to implement programs aimed at education and development of health-related behaviours of students as well as the research in the field of nutrition, physical activity and avoidance of stimulants should be intensified.
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