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Verbum Vitae
|
2021
|
vol. 39
|
issue 1
223-254
EN
The author analyzes the foundations of Paul’s argument on homosexuality in Rom 1:26-27. First, he points to the categories of honor and shame functioning in the Hellenistic world, which the apostle refers to when he describes male and female homosexual relations moved by “degrading” and “consuming passions,” and consequently leading to “shameless acts” (Rom 1:26-27). Second, Paul relies on the natural law, which he perceives not as a cultural norm but, like some Greco-Roman and Jewish authors, as a creation order permeated with God’s insight. Third, the primary point of reference for the apostle are the Scriptures and the broadly understood Jewish tradition (Lev 18:22; 20:13; Deut 4:16-19; Ps 105:20; Jer 2:11; Wis 12-15), especially Genesis 1-3 (with particular emphasis on Gen 1:27-28). They connect homosexuality with idolatry, transgressing the order of creation and blurring the distinction between the male and the female. Gender differences serve procreation, but also building up the relationship based on mutual understanding and complementarity between a man and a woman. The apostle finds allies in Plato, Plutarch, Dio Chrysostom, Philo, Flavius Joseph, Pseudo-Phocylides and many others who also refer to the categories of honor and shame, natural law and procreation in their critique of homosexual acts.
PL
Autor analizuje podstawy Pawłowej argumentacji na temat homoseksualizmu w Rz 1,26-27. Po pierwsze są nimi obowiązujące w świecie hellenistycznym kategorie honoru i wstydu, do których apostoł odwołuje się, opisując żeńskie i męskie relacje homoseksualne jako powodowane „haniebnymi namiętnościami” i rozpalonymi „żądzami”, a w konsekwencji prowadzące do „bezwstydu” (Rz 1,26-27). Po drugie Paweł opiera się na prawie naturalnym, które pojmuje nie jako normę kulturową ale, podobnie jak niektórzy autorzy grecko-rzymscy i żydowscy, jako porządek stworzenia przeniknięty Bożym zamysłem. Po trzecie wreszcie, podstawowym punktem odniesienia dla apostoła pozostają Pisma oraz szeroko pojęta tradycja żydowska (Kpł 18,22; 20,13; Pwt 4,16-19; Ps 105,20; Jr 2,11; Mdr 12 – 15), a zwłaszcza Rdz 1 – 3 (ze szczególnym naciskiem na Rdz 1,27-28). Wiążą one homoseksualizm z idolatrią, przekraczaniem porządku stworzenia i zacieraniem różnic płciowych między mężczyzną i kobietą. Służą one prokreacji, ale także wzajemnemu zrozumieniu się i uzupełnianiu mężczyzny i kobiety. Zarówno w kwestii honoru i wstydu, rozumienia natury jak i powiązania płciowości z prokreacją apostoł może liczyć na sprzymierzeńców dla swojej myśli w postaci autorów grecko-rzymskich i żydowskich takich jak Platon, Plutarch, Dio Chryzostom, Filon, Józef Flawiusz, Pseudo-Focylides i inni.   
Verbum Vitae
|
2015
|
vol. 27
187-206
EN
The subject of the present study is the words of Jesus presented in John 5:39: “You search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; and it is they that bear witness about Me.” A larger apologetic speech of Jesus constitutes the immediate context of this statement; within the structure of the Fourth Gospel this discourse follows the description of the healing of the paralytic at the Bethesda Pool (cf. John 5:1-47). The monologue is the response of Jesus to certain Jews who strongly objected to his activity during the Sabbath day and to Jesus’ likening himself to the Father. Exchanging arguments in his own defence, Jesus quotes the testimony of the Scriptures. Investigation of the Old Testament texts clearly points to Jesus, and thus His claims to take action on a holy day are fully justified.
EN
The article discusses Pope Benedict XVI’s / Joseph Ratzinger’s understanding of revelation. It shows the bases for his understanding to be found in the theology of St. Bonaventure, more specifically in the Doctor Seraphicus’ Hexaëmeron. It is on the theology of history in Bonaventure that Ratzinger had written his terminal paper. This will allow him to impact Vatican II in an original way. The essay describes how the young peritus Joseph Ratzinger contributed in a most decisive way to the dogmatic constitution on divine revelation Dei Verbum’s recalibration of the nature of revelation. It also discusses hope Pope Benedict‘s teaching office thematized revelation. Revelation is ultimately neither Scripture nor tradition, but the self-disclosure of the Triune God in the Thou of Jesus Christ.
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