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PL
The essay compares two cases of very intense panic caused by the destructive forces of nature. The panic caused by the Black Death – a topic Halina Manikowska also dealt with – is presented from the point of view of its frightening memory. The long-term evolution and changes in the then-prevailing attitudes is compared to the lasting fear and panic from the menace of wolves, which also represented a mortal danger in medieval and early modern Europe; they were also feared and had to be fought against for centuries. The nature of the danger from the presence of wolves, and the ways to defend oneself against it, was however very different from the danger related to the plague.
EN
Abstract The article depicts causes, prevention and treatment of epidemics as seen by ancient Greeks and Romans. The following works are taken into consideration: Aristotle The study of Nature, Hippocrates Of the Epidemics. Next, healing plants, minerals and physical ways of treatment are suggested according to Plinius the Older. The role of God and gods in triggering the epidemics is shown through works by Titus Livius, Life of Constantine and Church History by Eusebius of Caesarea, Evagrius Scholasticus Ecclesiastical History and Agathias The Histories.
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