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EN
At the beginning of the paper brief presentation of the demographic data of South African population during apartheid period (1948–1994) with the special attention to the white population and white immigration to South Africa is made. Then the white ethnic groups, first of all the European Diasporas (history, wave of immigration, number and main organizations) and separately the Polish Diaspora are depicted. The analysis is focused on the forms of contacts between the Polish Diaspora and other European Diasporas determined by policy of apartheid and own history and culture. Special attention is drawn into contacts and cooperation between the Polish and Hungarian Diasporas associations in South Africa.
EN
In his work The Wretched of the Earth, Frantz Fanon famously states that the most important task of African politicians and intellectuals is to understand the nature of the social and political transformations taking place in their countries. This task was undertaken by Nadine Gordimer in her sixty-five-year writing career, from the publication of her first collection of short stories in 1949 until her death in 2014. Gordimer helped her readers understand the situation in South Africa and anticipated many of the country’s social and political problems. In her novel A Guest of Honour, published in 1970, while her country was still struggling against apartheid, she painted the scenario of an unnamed African country which has succeeded in throwing off colonial rule. The socio-political issues she examines in this novel, such as the corruption of its leaders, poor schooling of the blacks and the problem of violence, proved to be the main challenges of contemporary South Africa. It is interesting to juxtapose the problems anticipated by Gordimer in the previous century and those facing South Africa today; such a comparative study, proposed in this article, is primarily a social analysis of a country which reached independence only twenty years ago and remains “deformed by its history,” as Gordimer pointed out in one of her interviews. This article is based on a detailed analysis of A Guest of Honour, primarily with a view to highlight the social and political issues described by Gordimer. The comparative aspect of this study is ensured by references to Gordimer’s most recent essays, interviews, and to her last novel, No Time Like the Present, published in 2012. Due to the fact that in writing A Guest of Honour Gordimer was influenced by Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth, this article is also an investigation of Fanon’s seminal study about the anticolonial movement.
PL
W swoim najważniejszym dziele, „Wyklęty lud ziemi”, Frantz Fanon stwierdza, że najważniejszym zadaniem afrykańskich polityków i intelektualistów jest rozumienie istoty przemian zachodzących w ich krajach. To przekonanie może posłużyć jako myśl przewodnia twórczości Nadine Gordimer. W swojej liczącej sześćdziesiąt pięć lat karierze pisarskiej autorka „Zachować swój świat” (The Conservationist) pomagała swoim czytelnikom zrozumieć istotę społecznych i politycznych przemian w jej rodzimej Południowej Afryce. W kilku powieściach trafnie przewidziała problemy, z którymi przyjdzie zmierzyć się jej krajowi po wprowadzeniu demokracji. W powieści „Gość honorowy” (A Guest of Honour), wydanej w 1970 roku, przedstawiła wydarzenia rozgrywające się w fikcyjnym afrykańskim kraju, który odzyskał niepodległość po okresie niewoli kolonialnej. Analiza problemów społecznych i politycznych przeprowadzona przez Gordimer w tej powieści ma odniesienie do aktualnych problemów w Południowej Afryce, takich jak skorumpowanie władz, niski poziom edukacji uboższych warstw społecznych oraz ważny w tym kraju problem przemocy. Celem artykułu jest analiza powieści „Gość honorowy” oraz porównanie przedstawionego w niej obrazu państwa i społeczeństwa z rzeczywistością współczesnej Południowej Afryki. W analizie powieści ważnym odniesieniem będzie wspomniane dzieło Frantza Fanona, natomiast w opisie problemów współczesnej Południowej Afryki istotne będą odwołania do esejów Gordimer, wywiadów oraz jej ostatniej powieści No Time Like the Present wydanej w 2012 roku.
EN
During the second half of the 18th century and the first three decades of the 19th century, we may observe an intensive process of cultural exchange between frontier farmers (trekboers) and local populations (mostly Khoisan). There emerge new kind of community – Oorlams: Africans and peoples of mixed origin who adopted many traces of colonial material, intellectual and spiritual culture. They were essential in spreading those elements of colonial culture (horses, firearms, commando system, cloths, proto-Afrikaans) into an interior, which were in turn adopted by other African groups.
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