The archaeological potential of Kromszewickie lake became a subject of interest since the discovery of a dugout boat and two ceramic vessels, one from early-modern times and the other associated with the Lusatian culture. Archaeological prospections in this lake started aft er reporting this discovery to the Province Conservator of Monuments. During regular explorations conducted along the eastern shore of the lake, historical material with a broad chronology from the end of the 12th century till the beginning of the 17th century was found. This material can be divided into two separate archaeological sites. The first one is the aggregation of ceramic artefacts, which probably flowed down from a site located right on the shore of the lake. On the basis of the analysis of the material two phases can be distinguished in this collection. The first phase encompasses late medieval materials. In this phase two horizons can be distinguished. The earlier one dated to the 13th-14th century and the later one dated to the 15th- beginning of the 16th century. The second phase, on the other hand, covers the times from the mid 16th century till the mid 17th century. On the south-east shore of the lake on a flooded cape, the relics of the wooden constructions were discovered. Both oaken piles with 10 -20 cm diameters, as well as much thinner piles made from soft wood, were documented there. Ceramic material from this place can be dated to the 2nd half of the 12th - 13th century. It is not possible to determine the function of the site on the basis of the current state of research. There is one more underwater site with a similar chronology in Długie lake in this area. The function of this site has not been determined as well. On the basis of the analysis of the available data, it can be assumed that there can be more archaeological sites in Kromszewickie lake. Moreover the absence of clear analogies proves the necessity for excavations. Locating both the construction in Kromszewickie lake and the archaeological site in Długie lake in the cultural-economic space of early feudal Kujawy should be a significant issue.
W artykule zaprezentowano stanowiska kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej odkryte w czasie badań powierzchniowych w ramach zadania „Źródła archeologiczne w rejonie Parku Kulturowego Wietrzychowice”, realizowanego w ramach programu Ministra Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego pt. „Dziedzictwo Kulturowe”, priorytet 5, „Ochrona zabytków archeologicznych”. Program ten, rozpoczęty w 2013 r., umożliwił prowadzenie intensywnych badań powierzchniowych oraz zastosowanie na szeroką skalę archeologii lotniczej, prospekcji geofizycznych i geochemicznych, a także badań abiotycznych elementów środowiska naturalnego (por. P. Papiernik, P. Kittel, D.K. Płaza, J. Wicha 2017). Weryfikacyjnymi badaniami powierzchniowymi objęto 4 obszary Archeologicznego Zdjęcia Polski (o nr: 52-45, 52-46, 53-45, 53-46) o łącznej powierzchni ok. 150 km2 (por. ryc. 1). Ogółem, w czasie prac terenowych materiały KCWR odkryto na aż 44 stanowiskach (por. ryc. 2). Wynik ten należy uznać za dość niespodziewany efekt przeprowadzonych prac, bowiem z akcji AZP wykonanej w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku, z całego wskazanego terenu znane były tylko dwa stanowiska KCWR (Michałowo, st. 1 i Pasieka, st. 7 – por. J. Pyzel 2010 ), które były oddalone o ok. 20 km od dobrze rozpoznanego skupienia osadniczego KCWR w rejonie Brześcia Kujawskiego (R. Grygiel 2004).
EN
Archaeological excavations in the region of today’s Wietrzychowice Culture Park were begun in the 1930s by professor Konrad Jażdżewski himself and were carried on under his supervision in the 1950s. Field works were resumed by the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography in Łódź and the Konrad Jażdżewski Foundation of Archaeological Research in 2009. They aim at conducting interdisciplinary research, which would provide a complete picture of the settlement of the Funnel Beaker culture in the vicinity of megalithic cemeteries at Wietrzychowice and Gaj. A very important element of the programme is non-invasive work done as the project “Archaeological Sources in the region of Wietrzychowice Culture Park“, completed as part of the programme of the Minister of Culture and Cultural Heritage, called “Cultural Heritage”, priority 5, “Protection of Archaeological Artefacts”. Field works have yielded artefacts dating back to the period between the late Palaeolithic and the Middle Ages. One of the most important results of the field surveys has been the discovery of a new group of sites of the Linear Pottery culture. Artefacts of that type were unearthed on 44 sites. It is an unexpected result, as the programme of Archaeological Picture of Poland carried out in the 1980s revealed only two such sites on the territory in question, situated 20km away from a well-recognised settlement cluster of the Linear Pottery culture in the region of Brześć Kujawski. The analysis of the pottery unearthed on separate sites clearly indicates the cultural provenience of particular assemblages. In the case of table ware (delicate work) these are fragments of thin-walled, or more rarely mediumwalled forms, made of processed clay (without silt), almost completely void of thinning admixture. In the case of kitchen ware (coarse work) , we can observe vegetation admixture with sand and grog (chamotte) admixture. Delicate vessel pottery is mainly decorated with engraved lines in various patterns, frequently accompanied by note motifs. Decoration on kitchen ware is limited to finger and fingernail imprints and knobs placed in different parts of the vessels.
W okresie od sierpnia 2014 do lipca 2017 roku Fundacja Badań Archeologicznych Imienia Profesora Konrada Jażdżewskiego wykonała serie prospekcji lotniczych, których celem była ponowna lokalizacja grobowców kujawskich znanych ze źródeł archiwalnych. Kilkanaście z nich zostało w latach 30-tych zbadanych przez profesora Konrada Jażdżewskiego natomiast pozostałe w chwili obecnej są w większość zupełnie zniwelowane. Prospekcję wyznaczono między innymi w obrębie wsi: Obałki, Leśniczówka (obecnie Arciszewo), Lubomin, Śmieły i Łania (por. W. Chmielewski 1952). Dodatkowo latem 2015 roku wykonano także serię nalotów nad doliną rzeki Zgłowiączka gdzie znajdują się miejscowości Dęby Janiszewskie i Janiszewo, gdzie również opisywano liczne grobowce kujawskie. Poszukiwania grobowców kujawskich z zastosowaniem prospekcji lotniczej nadal trwają. Do chwili obecnej w czasie 130 lotów, wykonano blisko 7500 fotografii. Na podstawie już uzyskanych wyników wydaje się, że przyjęta metoda badań z zastosowaniem drona jest bardzo efektywna. Dzięki przeprowadzonym nalotom w okolicy Izbicy Kujawskiej i Lubrańca udało się ponownie zlokalizować co najmniej 17 grobowców kujawskich wchodzących w skład 7 cmentarzysk. Uzyskane wyniki mają również istotne znaczenie konserwatorskie bowiem megality obecnie znajdujące się na polach ornych, co roku są niestety coraz bardziej niszczone pracami polowymi i przez to zagrożone całkowitym zniszczeniem.
EN
Between August 2014 and July 2017, the Konrad Jażdżewski Foundation of Archaeological Research conducted a series of aerial surveys, which aimed to re-examine the location of the Kuyavian long barrows, known from archival sources. Over a dozen of the barrows were explored by professor Konrad Jażdżewski in the 1930s. The other ones are now completely levelled. The aerial survey was carried out on the area of the following villages: Obałki, Leśniczówka (currently Arciszewo), Lubomin, Śmieły, and Łania (c.f W. Chmielewski 1952). In the summer of 2015, a survey over the valley of the Zgłowiączka river was conducted. It encompassed the villages of Dęby Janiszewskie and Janiszewo, which according to descriptions, contained numerous Kuyavian long barrows. The aerial surveys in search of Kuyavian long barrows are still in progress. Until now, almost 130 flights have been made, which resulted in nearly 7500 photographs taken. On the basis of the obtained results, it seems that the applied method is very effective. Thanks to the flights over Izbica Kujawska and Lubraniec, it was possible to locate 17 long barrows cemeteries at Dęby Janiszewskie, Janiszewo, Leśniczówka, Lubomin, Obałki, Śmieły and Łania. The results obtained are relevant from the point of view of conservation works. As the long barrows are situated on arable land, they are gradually being destroyed and threatened with obliteration. Translated by Agata & Bogusław Maryniak
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