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EN
The Institute of Archaeology of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, obtained an artefact which was accidentally found a few years earlier at the territory of the village of Polubicze Wiejskie I, comm. Wisznice, distr. Biała Podlaska, woj. lubelskie. It is a stone hoe with an elongated (high) trapezoidal outline in plane. It was made from a layered rock of the quartzite sandstone type, with natural front surfaces. It was polished only at the cutting edge and only slightly on the sides. In cross section, the hoe resembles a quadrangle with rounded sides, especially the top side. It has a cutting edge, which in side profile is situated at the extension of one of the surfaces of the front side. Measurements: length – 18.5 cm, width of cutting edge – 7.5 cm, of butt – 4 cm, thickness – 1.8–2 cm, weight – 400 g (Fig. 1). Morphologically similar items are known from the territory of Russia – the area of the Oka and upper Volga basins (the settlements Dubrovichi, Russko-Lugovskaya, the cemetery at Yazykovo I), Belarus – from the middle Berezyna River (Zhukovets), as well as Ukraine – eastern areas of the Black Sea (Kistrik). This points out to an eastern origin of the item under study. In the case of cultural influences from the area of the East-European Lowland, this would be an import (?) from the circle of cultures of the forest zone (sub-Neolithic) reaching the left bank of the middle Bug basin. This phenomenon should be referred to the turn of the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC.
EN
In the dissertation, I analysed two aspects of the Polesie Lubelskie landscape. The first is the historical aspect - changes in the landscape in the 19th and 20th centuries. In evaluating such changes I relied on the existing maps and relevant literature. The second aspect is the contemporary functioning of the hydrogenic landscape, changes over the course of the year or seasonal changes. This is to allow an assessment of contemporary changes in the environment. The fieldwork focuses on three components or three factors of the environment: water, soil and vegetation. The water factor is analysed by measuring oscillation of the ground water table as well as the chemical content of river and ground waters. The soil component is examined to determine distribution of various soil types in the study area. Vegetation is analysed by spatial distribution of floral assemblages. I am researching chemical features such as the levels of Ca, HCO3-, Mg, N, P K, Fe, S, Cl, Si and pH.
PL
Torfowisko Bagno Staw i Bagno Bubnów tworzą jeden z największych zwartych kompleksów torfowisk węglanowych we wschodniej Polsce. Głównym celem podjętych w tym rejonie badań było określenie warunków rozwoju torfowiska, odtworzenie paleomorfologii podłoża oraz kierunków sukcesji litofacjalnej. Na podstawie szczegółowego studium paleośrodowiskowego, bazującego na wielowskaźnikowej analizie osadów biogenicznych, obejmującej analizy sedymentologiczne, fizykochemiczne, makroszczątków roślinnych oraz datowania radiowęglowe, uzyskano nowy jakościowo materiał badawczy, dający podstawę do rozważań nad morfogenezą i ewolucją alkalicznych obiektów mokradłowych Polesia Lubelskiego. Wyniki analiz wskazują na: (1) bardzo urozmaiconą paleorzeźbę z licznymi odrębnymi basenami sedymentacyjnymi wypreparowanymi w węglanowym podłożu, (2) późnoglacjalny wiek najstarszych osadów biogenicznych, (3) duże zróżnicowanie litofacjalne osadów w profilu głębokościowym przy niewielkim zróżnicowaniu lateralnym, dokumentujące dwie fazy limniczne przedzielone fazami sedentacji torfowej. Sukcesja torfowiskowa postępowała od fazy mechowiskowej do fazy turzycowiskowej i turzycowiskowo-mechowiskowej.
EN
The fen of Bagno Staw, along with the fen of Bagno Bubnów, form one of the most dense complexes of alkaline fens in Eastern Poland. The main objective of this study was to determine the conditions for the development of the fen of Bagno Staw, to reconstruct the paleomorfology of the substrate and to establish the main directions of litofacial succession. Research material new in terms of quality was obtained on the basis of a detailed paleoenvironmental study based on multivariate analysis of biogenic sediments, which involves: sedimentological, physicochemical, plant macrofossils and radiocarbon dating analyses. The material provides the basis for reflections on the morphogenesis and evolution of alkaline wetlands in Lublin Polesie. The results of the analysis indicate that: (1) a very varied substratum form with numerous separate sedimentary basins developed in the carbonate substrate, (2) the oldest biogenic sediments are from the Late Glacial, (3) there is a large differentiation of litofacial deposits in the depth profile, with little differentiation in the horizontal profile, documenting the two limnic phases which are separated by peat deposits. Plant succession progressed from a moss-peat phase to a sedge peat and sedge-moss peat phase.
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