Search results

1

Development of Transnational Participatory Processes in the European Union as a Way to Prevent the Democratic Deficit: The Neo-Neo functionalist Approach

100%

Witkowska M.

Yearbook of Polish European Studies

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2013

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vol. 16

s.209-234

EN

This article presents an analysis of the growing role of transnational processes and interaction between political parties, interest groups, non-governmen¬tal organisations, and other civil society institutions. The main aim is to discuss the nature of transnational participatory processes, the reasons for their occurrence, and their forms and manifestations and intensity and effectiveness, as well as their con¬sequences for the functioning of the EU system with respect to its democratic char¬acter. The research problems approached in this article include: 1) the nature of transnational participation, its determinants and the factors affecting its develop¬ment; 2) explication of the interrelations between the laws adopted by the European Union and the transnational participatory processes; 3) the increasing social approval for the actions undertaken and the process of integration as a whole – increasing the output legitimacy of the European Union – as a result of the transna¬tional participatory processes.

2

A Note from the New Book Review Editor

80%

Della Marca M.

Review of International American Studies

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2019

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vol. 12

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issue 1

129-130

EN

Starting with this issue, our journal will include a completely redesigned Book Review Section, featuring three to five high-quality reviews by leading and emerging scholars from around the world. As for the selection of the books to be reviewed, even though I am a literary scholar, it is my intention as Review Editor to consider books that engage with the U.S. and the Americas as a hemispheric and global phenomenon from a wide range of perspectives and disciplines, including anthropology, art history, and media studies.

3

North Africa in U.S Foreign Policy at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st Century: Challenges and Expectations

80%

Wordliczek R.

Ad Americam

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2012

|

vol. 13

95-109

EN

Strategically and for geopolitical reasons, North Africa is a very important region for contemporary international relations. After September 11th 2001, North African states began to play a more signifi cant role in American foreign policy. President George W. Bush encouraged and convinced some of the North African countries’ governments to join the counterterrorism military and political operation. Bush believed that the participation of North African states in the war on terror would be a clear sign for the rest of the world that Islamic fundamentalists are dangerous for everyone. For the U.S., support for the counterterrorism mission from Islamic countries was very important from a political and propaganda point of view. Apart from the strategic reasons, during G. W. Bush’s presidency the cooperation between the U.S and North Africa developed more deeply in the following fi elds: policy (Middle East peace process), international security and counterterrorism, economy (MEFTA), education, and the energy market.

4

Effects of central bank financial strength on policy outcomes – a study of selected African countries

70%

Popoola A.

Journal of Economics and Management

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2018

|

vol. 34

147-169

EN

Aim/purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between financial strength and policy outcomes of central banks in Africa. This is against the background of challenging policy tasks facing African central banks and the fact that they increasingly have to respond to occurrences that stem from the volatile global financial system. Design/methodology/approach – Three panel regression models were developed and estimated to capture the effects of the financial strength of the central banks of ten selected countries on their inflation outcomes, official exchange rate, and interest rate. Annual data derived from the balance sheets of ten African central banks as well as macroeconomic variables from World Development Indicators for the period 2000-2014 were used for the empirical analysis. Findings – This study found out that: central bank financial strength is not a significant determinant of inflation outcomes in African countries; central bank financial strength has a significant impact on the determination of official exchange rate in Africa; and central bank financial strength is not a significant factor in the determination of interest rates by central banks in Africa. Research implications/limitations – A major implication is that central bank financial strength is necessary for result-oriented exchange rate policy in African countries. However, studies employing other estimation methods may make for more robust results. Also, the inclusion of central banks that report the results of their operations in other languages apart from English may make for better generalization. Originality/value/contribution – This study is unique in that it has focused exclusively on central banks of countries in Africa. It has also added value by considering the effect of central bank financial strength not only on inflation, but also on exchange rate and interest rate which are issues of serious concern in developing countries.

5

R&D Efforts by Indian Pharmaceutical Firms in the New Patent Regime

70%

Mishra P.

South East European Journal of Economics and Business

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2010

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vol. 5

|

issue 2

83-94

EN

In the context of recent amendments to the Indian Patent Act and introduction of the product patent, the present paper attempts to examine the innovative efforts of Indian pharmaceutical companies in the new patent regime. The paper finds that although R&D expenditure has increased significantly in the current decade, the increasing R&D efforts are not widespread across the firms and more than half of the Indian pharmaceutical companies do not spend at all on in-house R&D. This means that protection of intellectual property alone is not enough to encourage the firms towards innovation. Instead, it is observed that R&D expenditure varies directly the with market size of the firms, their capital intensity, exports orientation and past profitability, but inversely with their market share, selling efforts and import intensity. However, a firm's involvement in mergers and acquisition or sourcing of technology from foreign sources or variability in financial performance does not have any significant impact on its R&D efforts. Hence, the policy measures should be directed towards restricting the monopoly power of firms, encouraging exports, liberalizing imports of necessary machinery and equipment, and motivating the firms towards innovation, especially in life-saving drugs, an through appropriate incentive/disincentive structure.

6

Social sciences, scientific research, higher education and social developments - An Albanian inside of dialectics and structured scientific research, in social sciences

61%

Kallçiu N., Rrapti E.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2013

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issue 07

62-71

EN

The social sciences have inherited a not so clear relationship with the social politics throughout the history. At the first moment the concept of social sciences came into use in the 19th century the first organizations that were promoting them were not located in the universities. They were located in the Public Sector. They brought into the scenery not only professional of the area, but also politicians, clerics and businessmen. The main objective was the promoting of the reforms that consider the social politics able to improve the so defined social problems. These associations thought that by collecting different kind of data regarding these problems they would reach a clear insight on the directions the state should follow in the framework of different politics and reforms. As a result, the national research capacity is of the highest importance to the ability of a state to invent and implement successfully its politics based on evidences that concern and come as a reaction to the concerns and issues of the social problems as a whole. In this article I will be presenting first of all an overview of the scientific research in Albania in the area of the social sciences by pointing out the main areas that deserve to be the prior ones in the contest of developing activities that aim the implementation of the research in Social Sciences. Also, a great number of Institutions has been contacted with the aim of receiving official information and data on the functioning and on the potential problems that can be faced during the research processes. These institutions have been selected based on their involvement at the area of the scientific research of the social sciences. At first this will involve the policy makers at the central level, like the Ministry of Education and Sciences and the main research actors in the public and in the private sector. The criteria of the geographical and the subjects coverage has been also used in order to be able to present a public institutions of the higher education and research but even the enterprises that act in the research area are mainly focusing to the integration of these two systems which have been working separately for a long period of time and that must become efficient in order to adapt to the conditions of a country that has limited financial resources. This article is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific research in Albania, focusing in defining the priority areas for the research in social sciences. The information about the higher education and the potential problems that it faces, is based on a big number of research institutions, selected based on their involvement in scientific research in social sciences. This article brings into evidence the fact that in order to establish a stable and effective infrastructure in scientific research in Albania, is important to work in different directions. A successful way to increase the efficasity through the elements of the “innovative system” is by working with organizations that work in specific sectors of the economy, aiming for a possible cooperation in scientific search, for an important social contribution.

7

Japan’s Approach to Retirement Reform: An International Perspective

61%

Higo M.

EXLIBRIS Biblioteka Gerontologii Społecznej

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2020

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issue 1 (18) /2020 Old age - international perspective – theory and practice

94-104

EN

Over the past few decades, most countries around the world have been pressured to reform their conventional retirement systems in our time of rapid population ageing. An effective retirement reform would enable workers to remain in the workforce beyond conventional retirement age for as long as they desire, without their opportunities and decisions being institutionally constrained, so as to help them to secure resources necessary to maintain their socioeconomic wellbeing in later life. Japan deserves special attention in this context; having gone through the world’s fastest population ageing during the 1970s and 1980s, today Japan is far ahead of the rest of the world in this demographic shift. Amid aa global search for effective retirement reforms, while an increasing number of countries across the world have come to adopt an ‘age-free’ a ‘hyper-aged’ Japan has to date taken what may be referred to as an ‘age-friendly’ approach particularly in its policy efforts in the areas of mandatory retirement and public pension programs. This approach seems to have yielded a positive outcome; over the past few decades, older workers’ labor force participation rates have been steadily on the rise, and today the rates are higher than those in most other developed countries. This approach also has remained notably cautious of calling for a drastic reform, such as privatization, to the traditional public pension programs. Japan’s ‘age-friendly’ approach to retirement reform may exemplify a unique and more viable variation of retirement reforms for some other countries. Nonetheless, a continuous, closer and critical analysis of the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of Japan’s approach is called for in order for other rapidly ageing countries to examine whether it is worthwhile for them to follow in the future.

8

Türkey’s Cybersecurity Policy Framework

61%

Liszkowska D.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2024

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vol. 11

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issue 1

79-91

EN

The Internet and cyberspace are a gradually developing structure. Every second, new devices, systems and users connect within the network, which causes constant growth and changes in the sphere of threats arising from cyberspace. Türkiye is one of the countries in the world most exposed to cyber threats. However, one of its goals was to bring the field of cybersecurity to an international level. The aim of this article is to present the framework of Türkiye’s cybersecurity policy and answer the following questions: What steps have been taken in Türkiye to protect the state and society against the effects of threats in cyberspace? In which areas has Türkiye achieved significant progress in cyberspace protection, and which are still the biggest challenges?

9

Polityka kosmiczna Polski in statu nascendi

51%

Woźniak A.

Świat Idei i Polityki

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2017

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issue 16

405-423

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza działań władz polskich dotyczących tworzenia polityki kosmicznej RP. Przedstawiona została aktywność przestrzeni kosmicznej w XX w. oraz rozwój współpracy z organizacjami międzynarodowymi. Przeanalizowano umowy dwustronne i możliwości nowych form działań, a także podmioty prywatne jako współtwórców polityki kosmicznej. Wskazano zadania w procesie tworzenia polityki kosmicznej Polski, podział kompetencji, wykorzystanie możliwości związanych z programami opcjonalnymi. Ponadto zaprezentowano reformę sposobu zarządzania, finansowania poprzez wybór kilku płaszczyzn działania oraz przyjęcie hierarchii zadań kluczowych dla państwa, aby zagwarantować skuteczną realizację założonych projektów.

EN

The purpose of the article is to analyze the actions of Polish authorities regarding the creation of the Polish space policy. Activity in space in the twentieth century and development of cooperation with international organizations were presented. Bilateral agreements and the possibility of new forms of action were analyzed as well as private entities as co-creators of space policy. Tasks in the process of creating the Polish space policy, the division of competences, the use of optional programmes were indicated. There is also a presentation of management reforms,financing through the selection of several levels of action and adopting the hierarchy of key tasks for the state, to ensure effective implementation of the assumed projects.

10

Logistics policy as an support element of competitive regions of the European Union

51%

Figura J.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2017

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vol. 323

54-65

EN

The problem of the article concerns the question of logistics policies, as part of the support competitive regions of the European Union. The structure of their subject matter includes issues related to the identification and classification of theoretical disparities in the region’s competitiveness, determinants of competitiveness and regional development, as well as the importance of logistics policies and objectives of determinants and relationships in the European Union. The author puts forward the following research hypothesis – the right logistic policy (with defined properties) supports the development of the regions of the European Union.

PL

Problematyka artykułu dotyczy zagadnienia polityki logistycznej jako elementu wsparcia konkurencyjności regionów Unii Europejskiej. Struktura podejmowanej problematyki obejmuje zagadnienia związane z identyfikacją i klasyfikacją dysproporcji teoretycznych w konkurencyjności regionu, czynników warunkujących konkurencyjność i rozwój regionów, a także znaczenie polityki logistycznej oraz celów determinant i relacji w Unii Europejskiej.

11

Perspektywy zmian ustrojowych w Unii Europejskiej do 2025 r. Implikacje dla Polski

41%

Węc J. J.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2018

|

issue 1(366)

7-32

EN

The research objective of the paper is to critically analyze the system reform of the European Union planned by 2025, in particular the reform of the eurozone, changes in EU social policy, reform of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy, and changes in EU finances. The author formulates two research hypotheses. The first is based on the assumption that the systemic reform will strengthen the European Union. However, the second hypothesis is that this reform will have a significant impact on Poland’s future position in the EU. In this context, the author also formulates conclusions and recommendations on the benefits and dangers for Poland resulting from the planned EU reform.

12

Rozwój międzynarodowego prawa konfliktów zbrojnych a sytuacja polityczna wojsk partyzanckich – wzajemna relacja w kontekście Teorii partyzanta Carla Schmitta

41%

Mikusek P.

Horyzonty Polityki

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2020

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vol. 11

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issue 35

51-67

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The main goal of the article is to analyse the political and legal situation of irregular partisan forces as well as the impact of politics and the regulations of international law of armed conflict on the evolution of partisans. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem examines the difficulties that arise when intergovernmental organizations try to regulate the legal functioning of the phenomenon of irregular partisan forces during armed conflicts. The analysis is based on the Carl Schmitt’s “Theory of the Partisan” and the main regulations of international law of armed conflicts regulating the legal position of the partisan. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The starting point is an attempt to define the partisan and indicate its characteristics in terms of the Schmitt’s Theory of Partisan. Then the argument is developed with twin-track approach, in the context of influencing the functioning of the partisan: changes in public international law and transformations taking place in the political sphere. These factors influence the evolution of the partisan from the telluric partisan to the figure of the partisan. RESEARCH RESULTS: Current international regulations, created in the first half of the 20th century, do not properly reflect the complicated matter and experiences associated with partisan troops. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: International regulations on partisan issues, in order to ensure partisan’s proper protection, should limit the protection framework in order to avoid too broad, and thus ineffective, inclusion of partisans in the system of legal protection provided for regular armed forces. Legal changes on the partisan issues, due to the interdisciplinary character of the said regulations, should be preceded by considerations taking into account the experience of various knowledge domains.

PL

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest analiza sytuacji polityczno-prawnej nieregularnych sił partyzanckich i wpływu sfery politycznej oraz regulacji międzynarodowego prawa konfliktów zbrojnych na ewolucję partyzanta. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Problem badawczy dotyczy trudności, jakie powstają przy próbie uregulowania prawnego funkcjonowania zjawiska występowania nieregularnych sił partyzanckich w trakcie konfliktów zbrojnych. Analiza oparta jest na dziele Teoria partyzanta Carla Schmitta i głównych regulacjach międzynarodowego prawa konfliktów zbrojnych normujących pozycję prawną partyzanta. PROCES WYWODU: Punkt wyjścia stanowi próba zdefiniowania partyzanta i wskazania jego cech charakterystycznych w ujęciu Schmittańskiej Teorii partyzanta. Następnie wywód poprowadzony jest dwutorowo, w kontekście wpływu na funkcjonowanie partyzanta: zmian publicznego prawa międzynarodowego oraz przekształceń zachodzących w sferze politycznej. Czynniki te wpływają na ewolucję partyzanta przechodzącego z partyzanta tellurycznego do figury partyzanta. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Obecne regulacje międzynarodowe, tworzone w pierwszej połowie XX wieku, nie odzwierciedlają w należyty sposób skomplikowanej materii i doświadczeń związanych z wojskami partyzanckimi. WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Międzynarodowe regulacje dotykające zagadnienia partyzanta w celu zapewnienia jego należytej ochrony powinny limitować ramy ochrony, aby uniknąć zbyt szerokiego, a tym samym nieskutecznego, włączania partyzantów w system ochrony prawnej przewidzianej dla sił regularnych. Zmiany prawne dotykające zagadnienia partyzanta, ze względu na interdyscyplinarny charakter normowanej płaszczyzny, powinny być poprzedzone namysłem korzystającym z doświadczeń różnych dziedzin wiedzy.

13

Typology of towns in the peripheries of Polish coastal regions: conclusions for urban policy

41%

Sołtys J.

Journal of Economics and Management

|

2015

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vol. 19

181-193

EN

Peripheries means the land outside metropolitan areas. One of the main problems in these areas is a lack of growth factors. Some towns can contribute to the development of these regions, because there are few such factors, and it is easier to create the new ones, especially in urban policy. The subject of this paper is a typology of towns within the Polish peripheral coastal regions, limited to towns with more than 5 thousand inhabitants. Its purpose is to recognize diverse role of towns in the regional development, and to create the basis for the formulation of urban and regional policy. Typology takes into account the state of economic development, the external functions of towns, their impact, as well as present and future transport accessibility. Two kinds of systematization were applied: 1) quantitative typology applying Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the cluster analysis using the k-means algorithm, 2) qualitative classifications. Then synthetic typology was done. As a result of the typology, there were identified important towns for the future development of peripheral areas and formulated the conclusions for regional planning and urban policy.

14

Agriculture and Law in Japanese Society

41%

Shimogaki S.

Investigationes Linguisticae

|

2019

|

issue 43

15-24

EN

This study analyzes the changes in farmland system in Japan. The main policy of post-World War II Japan was regulation of the transfer lease or ownership of farmland, and the conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land considering the importance of farmlands. Paradoxically, this policy created some problems, such subdivision of farmland and ownerless lands. To address these problems, the Farmland Intermediary Management Institution was established in 2014 to accelerate farmland concentration and intensify the power of core farmers. In 2016, The Agricultural Land Act was reformed to make it easier for stock companies to own farmland. And, ICT has enabled us to visualize and verbalize tacit knowledge. This study explores the outcomes of these reforms and other unanswered issues.

Refine search results

Development of Transnational Participatory Processes in the European Union as a Way to Prevent the Democratic Deficit: The Neo-Neo functionalist Approach

A Note from the New Book Review Editor

North Africa in U.S Foreign Policy at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st Century: Challenges and Expectations

Effects of central bank financial strength on policy outcomes – a study of selected African countries

R&D Efforts by Indian Pharmaceutical Firms in the New Patent Regime

Social sciences, scientific research, higher education and social developments - An Albanian inside of dialectics and structured scientific research, in social sciences

Japan’s Approach to Retirement Reform: An International Perspective

Türkey’s Cybersecurity Policy Framework

Polityka kosmiczna Polski in statu nascendi

Logistics policy as an support element of competitive regions of the European Union

Perspektywy zmian ustrojowych w Unii Europejskiej do 2025 r. Implikacje dla Polski

Rozwój międzynarodowego prawa konfliktów zbrojnych a sytuacja polityczna wojsk partyzanckich – wzajemna relacja w kontekście Teorii partyzanta Carla Schmitta

Typology of towns in the peripheries of Polish coastal regions: conclusions for urban policy

Agriculture and Law in Japanese Society