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Sprawa granic Polski w latach 1939-1941 w świetle dokumentów ambasadora Anthony`ego J. Drexel Biddle’a

100%

Siwek K.

Przegląd Zachodni

2019

issue 3 (327)

191-220

The purpose of the article is to present the question of Poland’s borders in the years 1939-1941 from the perspective of Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, the U.S. Ambassador to the Polish Government in Exile, based on his diplomatic papers stored in American archives. Biddle’s continued service with the government of Prime Minister Władysław Sikorski since 1939 implied the U.S. recognition of Poland’s political existence despite the American neutrality towards the occupation of Polish territory by Germany and the USSR. The author proposes the thesis that this unique “ambassador of the oppressed nations” dedicated his special attention to Poland, perceived as a “political barometer” of Europe with an impact on the German-Soviet relations. Therefore, Biddle’s wartime papers indicate that the problem of Poland’s borders constituted a considerable obstacle to the U.S. wartime policy that envisaged engaging the Soviet Union as an ally against Germany. These papers show that the Polish government’s dependence upon Western allies, who since 1939 challenged Poland’s prewar eastern border, negatively influenced the content and political consequences of the Polish-Soviet pact of 1941. Contrary to Sikorski’s hopes for the U.S. support in territorial dispute with the Soviets, ambassador Biddle was critical of Polish efforts to obtain American and British guarantees of borders. He shared the British claim for restitution of Poland only within the so called “ethnographic borders” represented by the Curzon Line in the east that would be “compensated” by the annexation of still undefined German territories. Sikorski’s political ideas regarding Poland’s security against both Germany and Soviet Russia were thus met with suspicion by Biddle, who acted on behalf of American diplomacy which apparently feared the separate German-Soviet peace on the one hand, and Poland’s turning away from the Western allies on the other. It appears from Biddle’s diplomatic correspondence that the United States did not intend to guarantee any territorial designs of Sikorski’s government, since Polish claims contradicted the objectives of the foreign policy of the Anglo-Saxon powers, which assigned a crucial role in Central-Eastern Europe to Soviet Russia, not Poland. The author used abundant diplomatic correspondence gathered at The National Archives and Records Administration, at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and in the collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in the USA.

Na hiszpańskiej ziemi. Rola i znaczenie misji dyplomatycznej Józefa hr. Potockiego w Madrycie po zakończeniu II wojny światowej – wybrane zagadnienia

84%

Dworski M.

Polonia Inter Gentes

2020

issue 1

77-100

The aim of the article is to present the significance and role of the diplomatic mission of Count Józef Potocki in Spain in the years 1944-1968. After the end of World War II the Spanish State recognized the legal Polish Government in London, whose representative on spanish soil was Józef Potocki. As the diplomatic representative of the Polish State in Exile, under the law of the Second Republic of Poland, he was head of the diplomatic mission in Madrid at the time when Poland was deprived of its independence. He represented pre-war Poland, which, in the face of German and Soviet aggression during World War II, and after geopolitical changes on the continent, had to remain in exile as a victim of the politics of force. The article presents selected areas of Józef Potocki’s activity in Spain. It describes the minister’s various social initiatives, his relations with the Spanish authorities, his activity on behalf of Poles in the country and in exile, and the characteristics of the functioning of the Polish colony in Spain organized around the legal Polish Legation in Madrid.

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie znaczenia i roli misji dyplomatycznej hrabiego Józefa Potockiego w Hiszpanii w latach 1944-1968. Po zakończeniu II wojny światowej Państwo Hiszpańskie uznawało półoficjalnie legalny Rząd RP w Londynie, którego przedstawicielem na ziemi hiszpańskiej był Józef Potocki. Jako reprezentant Państwa Polskiego na uchodźstwie, na mocy prawa II RP, był szefem misji dyplomatycznej w Madrycie w czasie, gdy Polska została pozbawiona niepodległości. Reprezentował on niepodległą Polskę, która w obliczu agresji niemieckiej i sowieckiej w czasie II wojny światowej, a także po zmianach geopolitycznych na kontynencie, musiała pozostać na emigracji. W artykule zostały przedstawione wybrane obszary działalności Józefa Potockiego w Hiszpanii. Opisano poszczególne inicjatywy społeczne Ministra, jego relacje z władzami hiszpańskimi, aktywność na rzecz Polaków w kraju i na emigracji oraz charakterystykę funkcjonowania kolonii polskiej w Hiszpanii zorganizowanej wokół legalnego Poselstwa RP w Madrycie.

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Sprawa granic Polski w latach 1939-1941 w świetle dokumentów ambasadora Anthony`ego J. Drexel Biddle’a

Na hiszpańskiej ziemi. Rola i znaczenie misji dyplomatycznej Józefa hr. Potockiego w Madrycie po zakończeniu II wojny światowej – wybrane zagadnienia