Search results

1

Bolesław Roja. Legionowym szlakiem dowódcy czwartaków

100%

Kozłowska A. A.

Zeszyty Wiejskie

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2018

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vol. 24

69-91

EN

The future commander of the 4th Legions’ Infantry Regiment was born on the 4th of April 1876 in the village of Bryńce Zagórne, Autrian Galicia. He grew up in a family of the forester. He completed the Imperial and Royal St Ann’s Gymnasium and in 1898 graduated from the Austro-Hungarian Army Cadet School (Kadettenschule) in Wiener Neustadt near Vienna. In 1899 Bolesław Roja was promoted to second lieutenant. He served in the 36th Land Defence Regiment (k.k. 36 Landwehrinfanterieregiment) in Kolomyia. In 1905 he was transferred to army reserve. Before World War I he cooperated with the Austro-Hungarian intelligence. In 1914 B. Roja joined the Polish Legions, at first in the 2nd Legions’ Infantry Regiment (the 2nd Brigade of the Polish Legions). In March 1915 r. he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed the commander of the 4th Legions’ Infantry Regiment which joined the 3rd Brigade. The regiment was formed in Rozprza near Piotrków Trybunalski. In July 1915 B. Roja moved to the front to fight against the Imperial Russian Army. His regiment took a part in the battle of Jastków near Lublin (July 31-August 3, 1915) and later fought in the Volyn region. In September 1915 B. Roja got promoted to the rank of colonel. In December his regiment was moved to Optowa by the Styr River were the camp of the Polish Legions was set up. It was called the ”Roja’s Camp”. In the beginning of 1916 B. Roja organised the Colonel Council (Rada Pułkowników), a collective body of the Polish legionary officers. In July 1916 he took a part in the Battle of Kostyukhnivka (Kostiuchnówka) in the Volyn region. After the Oath Crisis (Kryzys Przysięgowy) in July 1917 B. Roja left the Polish Legions and rejoined the Austro-Hungarian Army. In 1918 he returned to Kraków where he took over former Austrian Military Command (late October). In November 1918 he was promoted to brigade general and named the commander of Kraków garrison. He served in the Polish Army untill 1922 when he was transferred to reserve. In 1928 B. Roja was elected to the parliament as a member of Stronnictwo Chłopskie peasant party. He frequently criticized Józef Piłsudski and sanacja government. In 1937 he was interned at the psychiatric ward of the Kraków military hospital. In March 1940 the general was arrested by the Germans and placed in Pawiak prison in Warsaw. In May he was transferred to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he was murdered in a beastly way on the 27th May 1940.

PL

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2

Ksiądz Pułkownik Józef Panaś (1887–1940) Kapelan Legionów Polskich, działacz polityczny i publicysta

100%

Stawarz P.

Zeszyty Wiejskie

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2017

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vol. 23

203-210

EN

The purpose of this dissertation is to present the significant achievements and activities of this chaplain in many areas of his life. He is not a person well known and has not gained a rightful place in the Polish historiography. The author of this dissertation attempted to analyze the role of chaplain in the functioning of the Polish Legions, the battle for Przemyśl and pastoral work in the Polish Army. Also considered the impact of the priest chaplain on the activities of the peasant movement, attempted to determine the degree of the impact of journalism Socio-political face of ideological and programmatic opposition government. The author did not omit the question of the position of chaplain in the structures of conspiracy Lvov under Soviet occupation.

PL

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3

Pomoc materialna społeczności Galicji Zachodniej Legionom w 1914 roku

100%

Cisek M.

Sowiniec

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2014

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issue 45

51-91

EN

Based on the source query conducted by thee team of the Supreme National Committee at the National Archives in Kraków, this paper discusses the organization and fi nancing aid for shooting troops and Polish Legions from the society of Western Galicia in 1914. Particular attention was paid to the organization of the aid and the sources of fundraising for the Legions in Kraków and counties and municipalities in Western Galicia.

4

Создание Третьей Бригады Легионов Польских. Обстоятельства создания и обзор снаряжения

100%

WIERZBICKI S., PULIK A.

Historia i Świat

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2017

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issue 6

165-177

EN

The aim of this work is not be exhaustive, but merely a subjective show the history of military formations existing in the years 1915-1917 he was the Third Brigade of the Polish Legions. On the basis of archival materials and scientific literature the author presents the constitution of the unit, which played an important role in the struggle for Polish independence in the First World War. The work is presented in both aspects of the purely military and political background related to the struggle for Polish Legions character. Initially, the author puts forward for consideration a preliminary reflection. Then present the formation of Polish organization of shooting in Galicia. In the next part discusses the circumstances surrounding the creation and the beginnings of the Polish Legions and the genesis of the Third Brigade of the Polish Legions. At the end of the focuses its attention on uniforms and equipment Legions.

5

The Victors of a War that Was Not Theirs: First-World-War-Veterans in the Second Republic of Poland and Their European Peers

88%

Jarząbek M.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2015

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vol. 111

EN

This article’s aim is an analysis of the status of Polish veterans of the Great War in interwar period. Their position is discussed in a European context. The author underlines dichotomy between ex-servicemen from former Austro-Hungarian, German or Russian armies (constituting vast majority of the veterans in the Second Republic of Poland) and the ‘independence fighters’ (i.e. soldiers from the voluntary Polish formations like Legiony Polskie) in terms of their legal status and symbolic position. State privileged the group of former Piłsudski’s Legionnaires and other ‘independence fighters’. At the same time the majority of ‘ordinary’ veterans was offered little more than ‘compassion’. Unlike in Germany or France, First World War veterans did not form any important mass movement. The dominant position of the relatively small group of ‘Polish soldiers’ over masses of ‘soldiers-Poles’, similar to the position of former Czechoslovak legionaries, can be therefore treated as specific to the new states of East Central and Southeast Europe.

6

Józef Piłsudski o „Legionach” i legionistach

63%

Bryła W.

Język. Religia. Tożsamość

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2019

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issue 2(20)2019

95-108

PL

W artykule autorka prezentuje sylwetkę Józefa Piłsudskiego i jego wypowiedzi o powstawaniu i walkach ,,Legionów.” Piłsudski był sprawnym narratorem, który w swoich ,,Pismach” wykorzystywał różne konwencje gatunkowe (np. baśń, reportaż, wspomnienie) i stylistyczne, z dużą emocjonalnością i bardzo częstym wartościowaniem osób i otaczającej go rzeczywistości.

EN

The paper presents the person of Joseph Pilsudski and his comments on the formation of “Legions” and the battles they fought. Pilsudski was a skilled narrator and resorted to a variety of genre conventions (such as fairy tale, reportage, memoir) and stylistic devices which were loaded emotionally and frequently evaluative with respect to people and the surrounding reality.

7

Piotrkowscy legioniści w Szadku – czyn zbrojny i działalność społeczno-polityczna

63%

Stefańska D., Majewska A.

Biuletyn Szadkowski

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2022

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issue 22

119-154

EN

This article presents biographical sketches of two soldiers of the Polish Legions – Ignacy Kobacki and Herakliusz Konstanty Iglikowski, who fought for Poland’s independence in 1915-1917 and in the Polish Army in 1918-1922. They both were connected with Szadek through place of residence and vocational activity in the interwar period and during the German occupation, and in the case of one of them also in the communist period. They came from different backgrounds and represented different political options, but what they had in common was their fight in the Polish Legions and later active involvement in the political and social activity in Szadek.

PL

Treść artykułu stanowią rysy biograficzne dwóch żołnierzy Legionów Polskich – Ignacego Kobackiego oraz Herakliusza Konstantego Iglikowskiego, walczących o niepodległość Polski w latach 1915–1917 oraz w wojsku polskim w latach 1918–1922. Obaj byli związani z miejscowością Szadek poprzez zamieszkanie, pracę zawodową (zarówno w okresie międzywojennym, jak i podczasem okupacji niemieckiej), a w przypadku jednego z nich także z okresem PRL-u. Żołnierze pochodzili z różnych miejscowości i środowisk, reprezentowali również odmienne nurty polityczne. Łączyła ich jednak wspólna legionowa przeszłość, wspólny szlak bojowy w Legionach Polskich z tym samym wrogiem. Obie postacie to ludzie czynu i determinacji w realizacji zadań jakie stawiała przed nimi przynależność narodowa. Obydwaj urodzili się w okresie niewoli narodowej. Wspólnym mianownikiem ich biografii jest epizod legionowy oraz bogata działalność polityczna i samorządowa na terenie Szadku, już w okresie, gdy armia przeszła w stan pokojowy.

8

KPT. MIECZYSŁAW GŁOGOWIECKI (1889–1920) – LEGIONISTA I OFICER WOJSKA POLSKIEGO, POLEGŁY POD TRZEPOWEM 18 SIERPNIA 1920 R.

63%

Gołębiewski G.

Notatki Płockie. Kwartalnik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego

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2020

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issue 3(264)

s. 3-24

PL

Pochodzący z Głogowa Małopolskiego k/Rzeszowa Mieczysław Głogowiecki w 1914 r. wstąpił do Legionów Polskich, walcząc najpierw w II Brygadzie, a od 1916 r. w 6 pułku piechoty III Brygady, uczestnicząc m.in. w bitwie pod Kostiuchnówką. Od 1918 r. służył dalej w 6 pułku piechoty Legionów, m.in. jako dowódca batalionu zapasowego w Płocku. 18 sierpnia 1920 r. zginął pod Trzepowem w czasie ataku rosyjskiego III Korpusu Konnego na Płock. Pochowany został na cmentarzu garnizonowym w Płocku.

EN

Coming from Głogów Małopolski near Rzeszów, Mieczysław Głogowiecki in 1914 joined the Polish Legions, fighting first in the 2nd Brigade, and from 1916 in the 6th Infantry Regiment of the 3rd Brigade, participating, among others in the battle of Kostiuchnówka. From 1918, he served in the 6th Infantry Regiment of the Legions, including as commander of the spare battalion in Płock. On August 18, 1920, he died near Trzepów during the Russian attack of the Third Horse Corps on Płock. He was buried in the garrison cemetery in Płock.

9

Polityk w legionach. Z działalności Jędrzeja Moraczewskiego podczas I wojny światowej

63%

Florczak I.

Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego

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2018

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vol. Zeszyt

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issue XXXII

135-148

PL

Nazwisko Jędrzeja Moraczewskiego często pojawia się w opracowaniach historycznych, jednak jego postać występuje w nich w kontekście utworzenia pierwszego rządu odrodzonej Ojczyzny, natomiast jego wcześniejsze losy dla wielu pozostają nieznane. Tymczasem działalność przed 1918 r., jego doświadczenie polityczne i parlamentarne wpłynęły na fakt, że Piłsudski mógł desygnować posła ze Stryja w Galicji na premiera. Zadecydowała o tym również działalność Moraczewskiego podczas I wojny światowej, zmierzająca do konsolidacji społeczeństwa polskiego w myśl idei odzyskania niepodległego bytu państwowego.

EN

The name of Jędrzej Moraczewski often appears in historical studies, but he appears in them in the context of the creation of the first government of a reborn homeland. Moraczewski’s earlier fate remains to be unknown to many historians. Meanwhile, the activity before 1918, his political and parliamentary experience influenced the fact that Piłsudski could designate politician from Stryj in Galicia as Prime Minister. It was also decided by Moraczewski's activity during the First World War, aimed at consolidating Polish society in line with the idea of regaining an independent state existence.

10

Józef Piłsudski i sprawa polska podczas I wojny światowej: dyskusja panelowa i promocja książki w Wiedniu

63%

Gaul J.

Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica

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2018

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issue 25

347-349

11

Nałęczów w czasie I wojny światowej – wybrane wydarzenia

51%

Babinicz-Witucka J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2015

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issue 1

5-22

EN

The article refers to certain events from World War I, which took place in Nałęczów and its nearby areas. Their direct witnesses were four inhabitants of that town: two authors of the diaries – Łucja Hornowska and Jadwiga Malewska, the author of the memoirs – Mieczysław Rogalski, and Zbigniew Czarkowski – a local photographer. There were no fights in Nałęczów, however, the local health resort infrastructure, as well as the numerous guest houses for patients were used for military purposes as medical infrastructure for the front and places of accommodation. At the end of September 1914, the Russian field hospital of the 87th Brigade of the 145th Novocherkassk Infantry Regiment was installed in the town. The authors of memoirs and diaries describe the sounds of artilleries of the sides fighting with each other during the Galicia Operation (18 August – 11 September 1914), in particular, during the battles of Komarów and Kraśnik, and recollect hundreds of wounded people brought to Nałęczów. Further descriptions are connected with the battles of Warsaw and Ivangorod (Dęblin) on 28 June – 8 November 1914 and with the march-past of the forces taking part in those events. In May 1915, after the battle of Gorlice, Nałęczów witnessed the withdrawal of Russian forces and a short stay of Duke of Oldenburg, a chief of common evacuation. The evacuation of Russians through Nałęczów lasted until the end of July 1915. At that time, General Stegman’s artillery brigade, General Mishchenko’s corpse, General Ragoza’s corpse and General Kisielewski’s brigade marched through that area. Austrian and German forces marched into Nałęczów on 30 July 1915. Soon after, the Germans withdrew and the region of Nałęczów found itself under the Austro-Hungarian occupation. The capital of the newly-formed government was established by Austrians in Lublin on 1 October 1915. In early autumn, Archduke Joseph Ferdinand was lodged in Nałęczów for nearly two weeks. The military activities, which continued from the summer 1914, made the life of civilians very difficult. In order to counteract the difficulties, on 10 August 1914, in Nałęczów, like in the entire Congress Poland, by consent of the authorities, the Citizens’ Committee was established. In autumn 1915, after the Main Rescue Committee had been established in the territory under the Austrian occupation, the Citizens’ Committee was renamed the Rescue Committee with the scope of activities similar to the one of the Citizens’ Committee. After the Russians had left Congress Poland, the independence movement had greater opportunities for development, since Austrian authorities gave much of a freedom to local organizations. The independence movement, inspired by National Divisions, formed in many locations, developed under the Austrian occupation. One of the National Divisions was also created in Nałęczów. On its initiative, important anniversaries, like the anniversary of the January Uprising or the 125th anniversary of adopting the Constitution of May 3, were celebrated. In November 1916, the 6th Infantry Regiment of Polish Legions came for a rest to Nałęczów and quartered there for over a month. The legionists initiated the Polish Military Organization and an underground recruit school in the town. All events important for the town were documented by Zbigniew Czarkowski, a local photographer. He is also the author of most of the photographs illustrating the article.

12

Polonika w Oddziale Kwatermistrzowskim c. i k. Naczelnej Komendy Armii w Archiwum Wojny w Wiedniu (czerwiec–lipiec 1918)

51%

Gaul J.

Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica

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2022

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vol. 29

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issue 29

243-262

EN

During queries conducted in 2021 in the State Archive in Vienna, the author has registered the Polonica in the War Archives (Kriegsarchiv), in the fond of Army High Command (Armeeoberkommando – AOK), in sub-collection Corps of Quartermasters (Quartiermeisterabteilung – Qu.Abt.). Ten boxes were searched (No. 2537–2546), containing documents dated 1918; numerous polonica were found. Recorded materials pertain to the matters of Polish military and statehood, k.u.k military administration in Polish territories – occupation of the Kingdom of Poland and Galicia. Documents contain the names of distinguished persons, such as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Austro-Hungary Stephan Burián, General Jan Dowbor-Muśnicki, Minister Agenor Gołuchowski, Director of Bank Handlowy in Warsaw Stanisław Karłowski, delegate of Regency Council Jerzy Tarnowski, Minister of Interior Jan Stecki, Prime Minister Jan Steczkowski, Commissioner of the Government of Poland Juliusz Zdanowski.

PL

W trakcie kwerendy w 2021 r. w Archiwum Państwowym w Wiedniu autor przeprowadził rejestrację poloników w Archiwum Wojny (Kriegsarchiv), w zespole Naczelnej Komendy Armii (Armeeoberkommando – AOK), w podzespole Oddział Kwatermistrzowski (Quartiermeisterabteilung – Qu.Abt.). W przebadanych 10 kartonach (nr 2537–2546), zawierających dokumenty z 1918 r., zarejestrowano liczne polonika. Materiały dotyczą spraw wojskowości i państwowości polskiej oraz c. i k. administracji wojskowej na ziemiach polskich – okupacji w Królestwie Polskim i w Galicji. W dokumentach pojawiają się nazwiska znanych osobistości, jak minister spraw zagranicznych Austro-Węgier Stephan Burián, gen. Jan Dowbor-Muśnicki, minister Agenor Gołuchowski, dyrektor Banku Handlowego w Warszawie Stanisław Karłowski, delegat Rady Regencyjnej Jerzy Tarnowski, minister spraw wewnętrznych Jan Stecki, premier Jan Steczkowski, komisarz rządu polskiego Juliusz Zdanowski.

13

„Z ostatnich chwil bohatera”. Podporucznik Jan Antoni Władysław Hernich (10.03.1899-1.08.1920)

51%

Siwiec-Cielebon M.

Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny

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2020

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issue 23

55-76

EN

Jan Antoni Władysław Hernich (1899-1920) was a native of Wadowice and a pupil of the Wadowice Secondary School, a legionnaire and later an officer of the 12th Wadowice Land Infantry Regiment. He died on August 1st, 1920 in the battle of Leszniów in Volhynia, as the only officer of this regiment born in Wadowice, the town where the regiment was formed and which later became its peaceful garrison. The battle fought by the 12th IR against the 1st Horse Army of Siemion Budionny for the rebound of Leszniów occupied by the Bolsheviks was part of the Polish Army’s operation to regain Brody and stop the Bolshevik army in its march to Lviv. The Wadowice Land Infantry Regiment played an important and glorious role in this operation, and the anniversary of beating the Bolsheviks near Leszniów was later celebrated as the 12th IR, and the figure of Jan Hernich was considered a hero of the regiment. The article recalls the fate of a young hero – a contemporary Wadowician completely unknown – who as a young boy engaged in the struggle for Polish independence, and brie y describes the four-day struggle of the regiment between Beresteczko and Brody. There is also a memoir of one of Jan Hernich’s colleagues, who described the death of his friend in 1924 in the regiment’s commemorative publication. The author of the article, on the example of the losses of the 12th IR in the battle of Leszniów, also pointed out the contradictions in the records concerning the regiment’s war losses given in various sources and publications.

14

Wizerunek jeńców rosyjskich z czasów wielkiej wojny w wybranych pamiętnikach żołnierzy Legionów Polskich

45%

Smoliński A.

Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy

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2017

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vol. XVIII (LXIX)

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issue 3 (261)

9-20

EN

In existing Polish historical literature there are not too many papers concerning the image of the enemies of the Polish soldiers fighting in Polish military units during the Great War of 1914–1918. Thus, basing on selected journals, diaries and memories of the soldiers of the Polish Legions, the author has decided to show how they presented the Russian Army prisoners of war, including the injured, who fell into Polish legionaries’ hands during the fights. He has also tried to show their feelings and emotions when in contact with the POWs – until recently their enemies – as well as the way Polish soldiers treated their former enemies when they were but defenseless prisoners. Moreover, the author has pointed out some specific qualities in the way they treated the POWs, including deserters, Poles serving in the tsarist army, perceived above all as compatriots conscripted to the partitioner’s army by force and forced to fight with Polish legionaries.

RU

На текущий момент в польской исторической литературе нет достаточного количества трудов, посвященных образу противников польских солдат, с которыми им пришлось воевать во время Первой мировой войны в 1914–1918 гг. Поэтому на базе избранных дневников и мемуаров солдат Польских Легионов автор решил показать, как в них представлены военнопленные, в том числе раненые, солдаты русской армии, которые во время сражений получали в свои руки польских легионистов. Автор статьи также старался показать чувства и эмоции, сопутствующие им во время такого рода контактов с еще недавним врагом, а также отношение к солдатам, которые были для своих противников уже только лишь беззащитными пленными. Кроме того, автор указал на некоторые специфические черты, проявленные в отношении к пленным, в том числе дезертирам, полякам, служащим в царской армии, в которых видели прежде всего соотечественников, насильно включенных в состав военных сил противника и принужденных к борьбе с польскими легионистами.

PL

W dotychczasowym dorobku polskiej literatury historycznej nie ma zbyt wielu opracowań dotyczących obrazu przeciwników żołnierzy polskich formacji wojskowych, z którymi przyszło im walczyć podczas wielkiej wojny z lat 1914–1918. Dlatego też na podstawie wybranych dzienników, pamiętników i wspomnień żołnierzy Legionów Polskich autor postanowił pokazać, jak przedstawiano w nich jeńców, w tym rannych, pochodzących z Armii Rosyjskiej, którzy w trakcie walk dostawali się w ręce polskich legionistów. Starał się też pokazać uczucia i emocje, które towarzyszyły im podczas kontaktów tego typu z niedawnym jeszcze wrogiem, a także sposób ich traktowania, gdy stawali się już jedynie bezbronnymi jeńcami. Poza tym autor wskazał też na pewne specyficzne cechy w sposobie traktowania jeńców, w tym również dezerterów, Polaków służących w armii carskiej, w których widziano przede wszystkim rodaków przemocą wcielonych do zaborczych sił zbrojnych i zmuszonych walczyć z polskimi legionistami.

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Bolesław Roja. Legionowym szlakiem dowódcy czwartaków

Ksiądz Pułkownik Józef Panaś (1887–1940) Kapelan Legionów Polskich, działacz polityczny i publicysta

Pomoc materialna społeczności Galicji Zachodniej Legionom w 1914 roku

Создание Третьей Бригады Легионов Польских. Обстоятельства создания и обзор снаряжения

The Victors of a War that Was Not Theirs: First-World-War-Veterans in the Second Republic of Poland and Their European Peers

Józef Piłsudski o „Legionach” i legionistach

Piotrkowscy legioniści w Szadku – czyn zbrojny i działalność społeczno-polityczna

KPT. MIECZYSŁAW GŁOGOWIECKI (1889–1920) – LEGIONISTA I OFICER WOJSKA POLSKIEGO, POLEGŁY POD TRZEPOWEM 18 SIERPNIA 1920 R.

Polityk w legionach. Z działalności Jędrzeja Moraczewskiego podczas I wojny światowej

Józef Piłsudski i sprawa polska podczas I wojny światowej: dyskusja panelowa i promocja książki w Wiedniu

Nałęczów w czasie I wojny światowej – wybrane wydarzenia

Polonika w Oddziale Kwatermistrzowskim c. i k. Naczelnej Komendy Armii w Archiwum Wojny w Wiedniu (czerwiec–lipiec 1918)

„Z ostatnich chwil bohatera”. Podporucznik Jan Antoni Władysław Hernich (10.03.1899-1.08.1920)

Wizerunek jeńców rosyjskich z czasów wielkiej wojny w wybranych pamiętnikach żołnierzy Legionów Polskich