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Debate Over the Economic Role of the State in Poland in the Works of the Representatives of the Kraków School, the Leviathan Organization and the First Economic Brigade in the Years 1919–1939

100%

Jarosz-Nojszewska A.

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

2017

vol. 35

27-46

As Poland regained independence in 1918, it immediately had to deal with the question of how to shape its political and economic system. One important but at the same time controversial issue was the level of the state’s involvement in the economic life of the country and the measures used. In numerous debates among economists, the dominant topics included problems in the industry - in particular issues such as statism, monopolization, policy towards cartels and, in the later period, economic planning. The article presents the course of the discussion on the role of the state in the economy that took place in Poland in the years 1918-1939, as well as a review of arguments put forward by the proponents and opponents of state’s economic interventionism. For the purpose of this article, three groups that were most active in the debate were selected: the Kraków School, the Leviathan organization and the First Economic Brigade.

Bankowość w wykładach Juliana Dunajewskiego

63%

Rapka P.

Academic Review of Business and Economics

2021

vol. 1(1)

92-108

Julian Dunajewski was a Polish economist and Minister of the Treasury of Austria-Hungary in the second half of the XIX century. He also lectured at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and at the University of Lviv. Unfortunately, he wrote little and his economic thought is known mainly from scripts from the 1870s. These include a discussion of the functioning of banks and the banking sector, as well as Dunajewski's thoughts on the economic consequences of an unregulated banking sector, where banks are free to issue banknotes. The text presents and analyses Julian Dunajewski's views on the functioning of the banking sector and the consequences of unregulated bank money creation. Dunajewski argued that the unregulated creation of money by commercial banks is the cause of business cycles and the decline in the value of money. His views on free banking were compared with the views of contemporary free banking advocates and economists of the Austrian school. The comparative analysis shows the similarities between the views of economists of the Austrian school and Julian Dunajewski on the consequences of money emission by commercial banks. According to both the Austrian school and Dunajewski, excessive bank credit is responsible for business cycles and the granting of credit to the wrong entrepreneurs.

Julian Dunajewski był polskim ekonomistą i ministrem skarbu Austro-Węgier w drugiej połowie XIX w. Wykładał również na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim w Krakowie oraz na Uniwersytecie Lwowskim. Niestety pisał niewiele i jego myśl ekonomiczna jest znana głównie ze skryptów z lat 70. XIX w. Zawarte są w nich m.in. omówienie kwestii funkcjonowania banków i sektora bankowego, a także przemyślenia Dunajewskiego o konsekwencjach gospodarczych funkcjonowania nieregulowanego sektora bankowego, gdzie banki mogą dowolnie emitować banknoty. W tekście przedstawiono i przeanalizowano poglądy Juliana Dunajewskiego dotyczące funkcjonowania sektora bankowego oraz skutków braku regulacji kreacji pieniądza bankowego. Dunajewski twierdził, że nieuregulowana kreacja pieniądza przez banki komercyjne jest przyczyną cykli koniunkturalnych i spadku wartości pieniądza. Jego poglądy na wolną bankowość zostały porównane z poglądami współczesnych zwolenników wolnej bankowości oraz ekonomistów szkoły austriackiej. Analiza porównawcza ukazuje podobieństwa poglądów ekonomistów szkoły austriackiej i Juliana Dunajewskiego na konsekwencje emisji pieniądza przez banki komercyjne. Zarówno według szkoły austriackiej, jak i Dunajewskiego nadmierny kredyt bankowy odpowiada za cykle koniunkturalne oraz udzielanie kredytu niewłaściwym przedsiębiorcom.

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1 Academic Review of Business and Economics

1 Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

1 Jarosz-Nojszewska A.

1 Rapka P.

1 2021

1 2018

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Debate Over the Economic Role of the State in Poland in the Works of the Representatives of the Kraków School, the Leviathan Organization and the First Economic Brigade in the Years 1919–1939

Bankowość w wykładach Juliana Dunajewskiego