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EN
The output of Polish composers active at the turn of the twentieth century has largely been forgotten and is still waiting to be properly researched nowadays. Józef Wieniawski and his oeuvre, which once used to attract the attention of both Polish and foreign critics, is a case in point. This article seeks to provide a synthetic study of this subject on the basis of 19th-century literature.
EN
The purpose of the article is to focus on certain terminological and historical aspects related to the genre of sinfonietta in the Polish music of the 20th and 21st century. In the introduction, the author presents the definition and general characteristics, listing the sources and the most representative works in the Polish music. Additionally, she presents numerical statistics and classification of the sinfonietta in Polish music and on this basis she analyses one of the most interesting works representing the type of sinfonietta-transcription – Sinfonietta for string orchestra by Weronika Ratusińska from 2009. The author analyses the use and manner of modification of musical motifs, the way in which the sound layer is shaped and the relation between Ratusińska's work and tradition of the genre.
EN
The music of Polish composers of the Romanticism is still quite a for¬gotten and undiscovered area. One of the examples of that issue are the works of Joseph Poniatowski (1816–1873), a composer who spent a significant part of his life abroad. His work concentrates mainly on the opera music, which was largely dictated by the environment from which he descended and in which he stayed. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to one of the composer’s forgotten works – Mass in F major, and also to presently selected topics related to this work.
EN
The work of Polish composers active at the turn of the 20th century has largely been forgotten, awaiting to be researched nowadays. Józef Wieniawski and his output, which used to attract the attention of Polish and foreign critics, is the case in point. This article seeks to provide a synthetic study of this issue on the basis of 19th century literature.
EN
The musical life of Czerwińsk nad Wisłą at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries was strictly connected with the artistic activity of Antoni Milwid (1755–1837), a composer and organist. Although there are ten compositions signed with his name preserved in the collection of the monastery’s chapel as well as other manuscripts seemingly written with his hand, the religious output of the composer has not been investigated so far. The article discusses briefly the activity of Czerwińsk’s chapel during the difficult time of the partitions of Poland and secularisation of the monastery, sketching its repertoire based on preserved manuscripts. Then, Antoni Milwid’s life and art is presented in the light of accessible sources. Finally, Missa in Dis CZs Rps 5 from Czerwinsk’s collection is analysed in terms of its form, melody, rhythm, harmony and instrumentation, what allows the author to draw general conclusions concerning the compositional workshop of Antoni Milwid.
EN
The purpose of the article is to focus on certain terminological and historical aspects related to the genre of sinfonietta in the Polish music of the 20th and 21st century. In the introduction, the author presents the definition and general characteristics, listing the sources and the most representative works in the Polish music. Additionally, she presents numerical statistics and classification of the sinfonietta in Polish music and on this basis she analyses one of the most interesting works representing the type of sinfonietta-transcription – Sinfonietta for string orchestra by Weronika Ratusińska from 2009. The author analyses the use and manner of modification of musical motifs, the way in which the sound layer is shaped and the relation between Ratusińska’s work and tradition of the genre.
EN
The article presents a Polish monarch of the House of Vasa, Władysław (Ladislaus) IV, as a patron of music. The author analyses his influence on Polish culture, shows the most important musicians and composers employed by the king, and the music present at the Polish court – everything according to vivid passages taken from the primary sources. While his father and predecessor Zygmunt III liked to sing in the presence of family and friends, Władysław IV preferred to listen to others performing. He employed dozens of musicians – not only Polish, but also famous Italian artists such as Marco Scacchi, Margherita Basile-Cattaneo or Baldassare Ferri. During his reign, a musical novelty appeared in Poland – the opera (dramma per musica). At the time, Poland was one of the most prolific opera centres in Europe, staging 10 original drammi in the years 1635-48 (more than in Florence, Ferrara or Bologna). Futhermore, the before-mentioned chapel master (maestro di capella) Marco Scacchi was a well-known music theorist. Cognition of this extraordinary chapter of Polish musical culture (which had not regained such significance before the 18th or 19th century) can and should be done according to numerous primary sources (i.e. journal of Jan Hagenaw or Adam Jarzębski’s poem Gościniec), which not only present a factual material, but also depict a distinct and interesting image of the epoch.
EN
The subject of my research presented in this article, which concentrates on the issue of intertextuality, are the works of three composers who represent a trend in Polish post-modern mu-sic called surconventionalism, i.e.: Stanisław Krupowicz, Paweł Szymański, and Paweł Mykietyn. They developed certain idiomatic composing principles of shaping the structure, architectonics and style of a musical work, which allows one to talk about the poetics of their music. This poetics is based on a dialogue with tradition which manifests itself in intertextual relations. In order to properly capture the characteristics of these composers’ intertextual poetics, the author has taken into account, following Ryszard Nycz’s proposal, the three types of relations: text-text, text--architext, and text-reality. Accordingly, the following issues have been considered: (1) the problem of quotation, (2) references to genre and stylistic archetypes, and (3) cultural relations. The author has also taken into consideration the deconstruction technique which plays a sig-nificant role in the process of composition and reception of surconventional music. The issues related to the problem of intertextual poetics include not only the whole body of characterist-ics and relations of the texts (works of music), but also the ways in which they are understood by listeners who are the participants of a communicative process. Thus, on the one hand, the inter-and architextual references have been indicated, and on the other, the possibilities of recognizing these references by listeners have been discussed.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the content of the unknown manuscript L 1636 of The Diocesan Library in Sandomierz, with particular emphasis on the fugues contained therein. A closer acquaintance with the manuscript, dated around 1725, allowed to enrich the image of the musical culture in Poland in the first decades of the 18th century. The text is divided into three parts: 1. Description of the source; 2. Manuscript’s contents; 3. Conclusions from the analysis of the fugues from the manuscript PL-SA L 1636. The article is also accompanied by an appendix containing a critical edition of the fugues from the described manuscript.
EN
The theme of this study is a historical reconnaissance of soul music, taking into account the global context, with all the social and historical conditions that accompanied the development of the style. The main aim that the author set himself is to find sources of Polish musicians’ inspirations that can be found in American music from the 60s of the twentieth century. The main section of this paper is an attempt to define soul music and the characteristic of the style in a variety of shots – strictly musical, social, political, historical, racial and the general-culture one. The final chapter undertakes the task of showing the results of analysis of native music in terms of its membership to the style. In this section, a very broad meaning of the term ’soul’ has been assumed, which in this context is merely a reflection of the original phenomenon. The author hopes that this study will contribute to the dissemination of knowledge that soul music – both worldwide and in Poland – is an original and valuable style.
EN
The aim of this study was to describe the structure of the organ Sonata by Tadeusz Paciorkiewicz and to show its Neoclassical features. For this purpose, the main elements of the piece were described, such as: form, melody, texture, harmony, rhythm, tempo and timbre. Despite the typical Neoclassical elements, the presence of the Romantic elements in the piece was also stated, which is typical of Paciorkiewicz's aesthetics.
EN
In the work of Hanna Kulenty, a string quartet appears as a significant form of artistic expression. Its successive incarnations (6 quartets created in 1983–2014) illustrate the evolution of the musical language of composers, her approach to the problem of form, time, space, and sound. The article is an attempt to capture the idiomatic features of this music, presented in the context of Bakhtin's theory of genre as a representative of creative memory, and to indicate the place of quartets in contemporary chamber music by Polish composers.
PL
W twórczości Hanny Kulenty kwartet smyczkowy jawi się jako znacząca forma wypowiedzi artystycznej. Jego kolejne wcielenia (6 kwartetów powstałych w latach 1983–2014) obrazują ewolucję języka muzycznego kompozytorki, jej spojrzenie na problemy formy, czasu, przestrzeni, brzmienia. Artykuł jest próbą uchwycenia idiomatycznych cech tej muzyki, ujmowanych w kontekście Bachtinowskiej teorii gatunku jako reprezentanta twórczej pamięci, oraz wskazania miejsca kwartetów we współczesnej muzyce kameralnej polskich kompozytorów.
Aspekty Muzyki
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2017
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vol. 7
293-319
EN
This paper discusses Tema con variazioni by Romuald Twardowski, composed in 1981, which deserves special attention as an example of breaking with the main stream of organ music of the era. Polish organ music history has largely remained unexamined, mainly due to the shortage of sources — handwritten pieces have either been destroyed or hard to find, whereas the number of printed works is quite small. More organ pieces appeared at the end of the 19th century, thanks to Stefan and Mieczysław Surzyński. The interwar period did not bring significant interest in or-gan music — the major composers were Feliks Nowowiejski and Aleksander Karczyński living in America; the only younger composer of achievement was Kazimierz Jurdziński. A quite large number of important organ works appeared during the Nazi occupation. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part the author discusses the condition and typical features of organ music in the years of the Polish People’s Republic, i.e. after the 2nd World War, when professional organ music was separated from its natural background, i.e. performance in the church. As a symptomatic example Zbiór preludiów na organy bez pedału by Feliks Rączkowski is indicated — one of the only two books published then containing church cere-mony organ music. The article also provides information on R. Twardowski — a leading Polish composer of the 2nd half of the 20th century, born in 1930 in Wilno, with critical attitude towards the avant-garde trends. The main part of the paper deals with Tema con variazioni. After the presentation of its sec-tions, devices used by the composer are discussed. Special attention is paid to the harmony deriving from the late-Romantic tradition. Finally, the author tries the “economical” approach to the organ concert repertoire and under-lines the advantages of the piece which, although short and simple, deserves attention.
EN
This article is a broad and detailed discussion of the complex harmonic issues of Karol Szy- manowski’s Mazurkas Op. 50. It outlines the current state of research on the harmony of the Mazurkas, beginning with the work by Adolf Chybiński (1920s), through the monograph by Stefania Łobaczewska (1950s) (now obsolete), studies by Józef M. Chomiński, articles by Zofia Helman, Antoni Poszowski, and Piotr Dahlig, the monograph of the twentieth century Polish mazurka by Anna Nowak, the great biography of Szymanowski written by Teresa Chylińska and, above all, the classic works by Tadeusz Andrzej Zielinski, fundamental to the issue of the mazurka harmony, the only ones so attentive and so focussed on the detail, and yet formulating such an appropriate and clear conceptual apparatus. The results of Zieliński’s research and analyses make an obvious starting point for contemporary music theorists interested in the issue of harmony throughout the twentieth century. Capturing and naming the entire complex of phenomena encountered in the Mazurkas Op. 50 is not easy. Mazurkas Op. 50 are characterized by a vast variety of har- monic phenomena, innovative treatment of the piano texture and the use of various sound effects stylising the folk music of the Polish Highlands. Moreover, the ways in which the music material is organised often blend with one another or coexist in the course of the piece within the intersect- ing old and new rules (harmonic eclecticism). The article examines a broad spectrum of har- monic phenomena, proposed by Zielinski, occurring in Opus 50. These are: relics of function harmony system, the interaction of the so-called non-function thirds harmony and the ‘sound spot’ technique, tinting chords with dissonances, using multi-tonal saturated chords, percussive use of half-step intervals, using the fourth structures, emancipation of dissonant intervals, various types of ostinato and burdon formulas, repeated chord complexes, the bimodal phenomena, the double- and multilayer harmonic complexes, the parallel intervals and chords, the bitonal co-occurrences of bass fifths and triads. The article gives examples of all the phenomena, but only the selected ones were fully discussed, focusing on other issues: the types of dual melodic lines, formula of half- and whole-step movement between chords, monophonic fragments or the whole tone scale order. The horizontal scale orders were not discussed, unless it was necessary for the understanding of the harmonic issues in question.
20
75%
Aspekty Muzyki
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2018
|
vol. 8
s. 391-415
PL
Miłosz Magin był znakomitym polskim pianistą i kompozytorem XX wieku. Urodził się 6 lipca 1929 roku w Łodzi, studiował w Warszawie fortepian u Margerity Trombini-Kazuro (dyplom z wyróżnieniem w 1954) i kompozycję u Jana Maklakiewicza i Kazimierza Sikorskiego (dyplom z wyróżnieniem w 1957). Otrzymał wyróżnienie w Konkursie Chopinowskim w Warszawie (1955), był laureatem Konkursów Pianistycznych w Paryżu (1955 i 1957) i Lizbonie (1957). W latach 1957–1960 mieszkał w Portugalii (Sintra), koncertował w Lizbonie i Londynie. W 1960 roku osiadł na stałe w Paryżu. Koncertował z dużym powodzeniem w Europie, ZSRR, Afryce, Ameryce Południowej. W 1963 roku uległ wypadkowi samochodowemu, co przerwało jego karierę pianistyczną na kilka lat. Od 1968 roku ponownie koncertował i nagrywał (dla firmy DECCA nagrał prawie wszystkie utwory Chopina). W niewielkim zakresie zajmował się pracą pedagogiczną. Od 1985 roku odbywa się w Paryżu co dwa lata Międzynarodowy Konkurs Pianistyczny im. Miłosza Magina, propagujący muzykę polską i francuską. Dorobek kompozytorski Magina obejmuje około 50 utworów: 26 utworów fortepianowych (m.in. 4 koncerty fortepianowe, 2 utwory koncertowe z orkiestrą, 4 sonaty, suity, cykle miniatur, utwory dla dzieci), 14 utworów orkiestrowych (m.in. 5 koncertów na różne instrumenty poza fortepianem, balet Bazyliszek, dwie symfonie, suity), 6 utworów kameralnych (na skrzypce, klarnet i wokalne). Język muzyczny Magina jest indywidualny i oryginalny, ale widoczne są wpływy muzyki polskiej (folklor), muzyki francuskiej (śpiewność, kolorystyka) i muzyki Chopina (harmonika, faktura). Wiele jego utworów fortepianowych zostało wydanych przez wydawnictwo Editions Concertino w Paryżu. Miłosz Magin zmarł nagle 4 marca 1999 roku na wyspie Bora Bora podczas Festiwalu Chopinowskiego odbywającego się na Tahiti (Polinezja Francuska). Został pochowany na cmentarzu Père-Lachaise w Paryżu bardzo blisko grobu Chopina.
EN
Miłosz Magin was a great Polish pianist and composer of the 20th century. Born on 6 July 1929 in Łódź, he studied piano under Margerita Trombini-Kazuro (diploma with honours in 1954), and composition under Jan Maklakiewicz and Kazimierz Sikorski (diploma with honours in 1957). He won prizes in the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw (1955), Piano Competitions in Paris (1955 and 1957) and in Lisbon (1957). Between 1957 and 1960 he lived in Portugal (Sintra), and in 1960 he settled in Paris. He performed successfully across Europe, the USSR, Africa and South America. In 1963 he sustained a severe injury in a car crash which interrupted his career as a pianist for the subsequent five years. Magin started performing and recording again after 1968 (mainly Chopin’s music and his own works). He also worked as a teacher, but occassionally. Since 1985 the Miłosz Magin International Piano Competition has been held every two years in Paris to promote Polish and French music. Magin’s compositional output includes 47 works: 26 piano pieces (four piano concertos, two concertos with orchestra, four sonatas, suites, cycles of miniatures, children’s music); 14 orchestral works (five concertos for various instruments other than piano, ballet Bazyliszek [The Basilisk], two symphonies, suites); and six chamber pieces (for violin, clarinet and vocal works). Magin’s musical style was individual and original. It was clearly influenced by Polish folk music (folk dance rhythms), French music (melodiousness, colouring) and Chopin’s music (harmonic structure, piano texture). A number of Magin’s piano works were released by Editions Concertino in Paris. Miłosz Magin died suddenly on 4 March 1999 on the island of Bora-Bora at the Chopin Festival in Tahiti (French Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean). He was buried in the Père-Lachaise cemetery in Paris, very close to Chopin’s tomb.
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