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Interlektura utworów-intertekstów. Wysłyszeć głosy innych

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Janicka-Słysz M.

Aspekty Muzyki

2017

vol. 7

71-83

We are living in the time of intertextuality, when — following Mikhail Bakhtin — every expression is saturated with a resonance of dialogue. Therefore, to understand the style of an artistic expression, we should also consider its imminent dialogic quality. The article presents the works of Polish composers, beginning with Karol Szymanowski, from the perspective of six intertextual strategies elicited from the concept of Stanisław Balbus (Między stylami/Between Styles), a Polish literary theoretician. They are: (1) “active continuation” (adaptation of past models); (2) “restitu-tion of the form” (conscious reference to a form present within the field of cultural awareness, due to its formal fitness for the taken up expressive tasks); (3) “open imitation of models” (a model is perceived as an authoritative vehicle for values); (4) “a stylistic reminiscence” (a “memory” of the model under the brand of an individual statement) (5) “cultural transposition of a theme” (the transmigration of motifs, themes, and significant gestures, the phenomenon of the active topoi); (6) “styling” (the key type of intertextuality, emphasising the nature of intertextual and interstylistic connections). Looking at the Polish music of the 20th and the first decade of the 21st century, a number of general claims favoured by the intertextual perspective can be made. (1) Polish music set in tradition: tradition perceived as an inter-text, and building an inter-context for the pieces created. (2) Reinforced at the foundations of the Polish music created “here and now” is the sense of dialogue, opening to the other. (3) The value of the work as such is emphasised in Polish music. (4) Against the preached concepts of “the death of the author” or “the weak subject”, a powerful need for the creation of own style is still present. (5) As an inter-text, the work becomes even stronger semantically loaded.

From Research on the Musical “Trans-avant-garde”: A Contribution to the Discussion on the Terminology Concerning the Historiography of 20th Century Polish Music

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Karwaszewska M.

Avant

2016

vol. 7

issue 1

he research article discusses the concept of “the trans-avant-garde” (a term coined by theItalian art critic Achille Bonito Oliva to describe certain phenomena in visual arts, espe- cially painting, which have appeared since the end of the 1970s) and attempts to adapt it for a discussion of twentieth century Polish music. The trans-avant-garde (Italian la transavanguardia) is an Italian form of expressionism in art (neo-expressionism), origi- nating as a rejection of modernism, formalism, innovation, originality, and stylistic coher- ence, which began to treat tradition in a new way, extensively referring to 16th century mannerisms, ambiguity, stylistic pluralism and polysemy.While, on the one hand, trans-avant-garde artists are fully aware of the crisis of the avant- garde experiment, on the other, they aim to create content-packed works of deeply expres- sive and romantic character. The trans-avant-garde is widely considered to be an early stage of postmodernism, or simply its synonym. There is a difference, though, between the trans-avant-garde and the postmodern. Oliva speaks of a journey from America to Eu- rope and back. My article discusses these differences, systematizes the most important stylistic aspects and aesthetic ideas, and applies these observations to the study of music-a discipline Oliva did not take into consideration.A key issue in the description of the trans-avant-garde in Polish music is analysis of the trends that precede it, are synchronous with it, and follow it in history. It is also important to trace borrowings and differences along this time axis. In order to offer an insight of thiskind, I first present the different concepts of “modernity” and “postmodernity” that haveappeared in music (and art) of the twentieth century, and I then juxtapose those with the Italian original idea of la transavanguardia.

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From Research on the Musical “Trans-avant-garde”: A Contribution to the Discussion on the Terminology Concerning the Historiography of 20th Century Polish Music