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EN
The text is an attempt to analyze literary postmemory representation in three scenes confronted with the language of art. The subject matter are novels: Zagłada (Extinction) by Piotr Szewc, Tworki by Marek Bieńczyk and Pensjonat (Pension) by Piotr Paziński and an exhibition: Poland – Israel – Germany. Auschwitz Experience at the Museum of Contemporary Art MOCAK in Krakow. These books had their premieres at intervals of at least ten years, becoming marks of consecutive decades of duration of the concept of postmemory. Zagłada (1987), Tworki (1999) and Pensjonat (2009) could be read as another mainstream views of the postmemory and building a horizon of contemporary Polish literature. In dialogue with these novels an exhibition open on the 15th of May, 2015 in MOCAK has been submitted to analysis. The intention of the text is to point transformations in postmemory in different fields of artistic activity.
EN
This essay discusses the Anti-Sienkiewicz campaign briefly. The affair happened in 1903 in the Warsaw weekly magazine “Głos”, but was written up in many Polish newspapers. Stanisław Brzozowski (1878-1911), the beginning publicist, literary critic and novelist spoke against Sienkiewicz’s famous works. Sienkiewicz’s main novels have been criticised for their conservatism and lack of social progressiveness, although they display great narrative power and contain vivid characterisations in a style full of imagery. The lack of national independence created greater reverence towards national history in 19th century Polish literature. Sienkiewicz felt a close bond with the Polish nobility. Brzozowski tried to put his own philosophy of culture and his concept of the “philosophy of labour” into practice. He spoke as am exponent of Polish modernism and socialism.
EN
The article is devoted to a morally sensitive topic, created by situations which did not lead to a marriage, but ended up with a discrediting separation. It analyses socially accepted, although often false reasons for splitting up, treated as shameful and without approbation, frequently hidden under suggested excuses provided by savoir–vivre books. It also compares, in this case, the position of women and men, reflecting on the attempt to protect the reputation of a young lady with a fixed social convention. Particularly interesting seem to be the texts that refer to authentic biographical material, which were read by the contemporary readers as the violating moral taboos “novel with a key”. Novels of manners are the basis for reflection, such as created by Bolesław Prus ("The Doll", "The New Woman"), Maria Rodziewiczówna ("Między ustami a brzegiem pucharu", 'Kądziel"), Henryk Sienkiewicz ("Without Dogma", "Children of the Soil"), Sewer ("Bajecznie kolorowa"), and Kazimierz Przerwa–Tetmajer ("Anioł śmierci"), but also a message of memoirs of the age (Anna Skarbek–Sokołowska, Magdalena Samozwaniec, Tadeusz Boy–Żeleński, and others).
EN
The article is a literary (preliminary) attempt to look at the modest literary output of Aurelia Wyleżyńska, a writer and publicist, practically unknown and forgotten. It is also an attempt to discuss her female perspective on the world. The heroines of Wyleżyńska’s novel are strong, independent, courageous, lonely women who want happiness, love, and sometimes a partner. Seemingly weak and submissive, in fact resourceful, progressive, rising above the average, they do not give in to the pressure of the environment and from the most difficult experiences they can draw the knowledge necessary for further development, becoming advocates of change themselves. Wyleżyńska was then an emancipator in the best sense of the word, and at the same time managed to maintain a childlike sensitivity in observing the world.
PL
Artykuł jest literaturoznawczą (wstępną) próbą spojrzenia na skromny dorobek powieściowy Aurelii Wyleżyńskiej, pisarki i publicystki, praktycznie nieznanej i zapomnianej, oraz jej (żeńską) perspektywę patrzenia na świat. Bohaterki powieści to kobiety silne, samodzielne, odważne, niezależne, a przy tym samotne, pragnące szczęścia, miłości, niekiedy partnera. Pozornie słabe i uległe, w rzeczywistości zaradne, postępowe, wyrastające ponad przeciętność, które nie poddają się presji otoczenia i z najtrudniejszych doświadczeń potrafią czerpać wiedzę konieczną do dalszego rozwoju, same stając się orędowniczkami zmian. Wyleżyńska była ówczesną emancypantką w najlepszym znaczeniu tego słowa, a przy tym zdołała zachować dziecięcą wrażliwość obserwacji świata.
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Miejsce na romans łaskawe

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EN
The article discusses the type of Polish novel, written at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, in which the action takes place in health resorts. Affairs and adultery are among frequent themes in these novels. The subculture of health resorts is a dialectics of 1)the idea of freedom and biological motivation in people’s decisions, and 2) social norms. Health resorts create an illusion of the beauty of the world and pure feelings. Dreams about a better world are based on the beauty of nature, as well as one’s connection with poetry. The analysis of the novels proves that affairs and adultery in health resorts function as a distorting mirror which shows ugliness and immorality of the characters’ lives in their family relationships. Health resort is often imagined as Eden which is able to re-create the history of mankind. The utopia of platonic love in health resort proves the crisis of culture and the institution of marriage.
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