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PL
The article presents an analysis of 140 random lexemes of Greek and Latin origin excerpted from Słownik kieszonkowy polsko-rosyjski i rosyjsko-polski [Pocket Polish-Russian and Russian-Polish Dictionary] edited by I. Mitronova, G. Sinicyna and G. Lipkes. The corpus is, according to lexicographers and linguists, an effect of mutual influences of Polish and Russian languages. The opinions on origins of words differ among researchers, and the article attempts to verify the previously accepted judgements by M. Vasmer, W. Witkowski and Z. Rysiewicz, based on informations included in monographs by D. Moszyńska, H. Leeming, S. Kochman, and in historical dictionaries of both languages. With reference to almost 75% of the analysed material, the direction of loanword acquisition proposed by Vasmer, Witkowski and Rysiewicz has been confirmed. However, for about a quarter of the random sample of words, the accepted opinion is not confirmed by more recent historical dictionaries, nor by the lexical material provided in the monographs. The article proposes new results for the direction of loanword migration in this group of vocabulary.
EN
A cultural situation is defined as a group of individuals (usually organized groups of entities), of functional systems (such as politics, science, religion, sport, mass media, education, the military, etc.), of conceptual systems (including systems of values??), of forms of their manifestation and of relevant environment - ecological, economic, existential, etc. (i.e. events stage). The author presents a semiotic model of discourse, which is founded on four catego¬ries: pragmatics, semantics, form / structure of the message and context (surrounding of the speech act). The author shows (mainly on the example of the Eastern European cultural area) volatility of the relationship of these categories depending on the type of cultural situations. In separate sections, such pragmatic parameters of the cultural situation are described as: the intensity of pragmatic/persuasive function, the grade of expressiveness, the grade of ceremo¬nious, the grade of politeness, monologism vs. dialogism, and the grade of the stylistic differentiation of language.
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