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Poľsko–slovenská administratíva farnosti Spišského Zamaguria (Spišského dekanátu a Nedeckého dištriktu) v rokoch 1939–1948

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Ciągwa J.

Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

2014

vol. 7

issue 2

349–364

The Slovak aggression on Poland in September 1939 had led to an incorporation of 14 villages situated in Upper Spiš, the so called Zamagurie, into the Slovak state. The parishes which were situated on this territory (functioning as the Spiš Deanery in the Polish Church administration) had passed to the jurisdiction of the Spiš bishop, having previously been excluded from subordination to the Krakow archbishop. Six Polish priests had remained on their posts until April 1940. The priestly services performed by them caused numerous legal problems. An example of such problems may be the provisions of the personal marriage law which remained in force in Slovakia, particularly as regards the civil-legal effectiveness of the marriages contracted before Polish priests; in view of these provisions, such marriages were considered invalid, unless the priest had taken an oath of allegiance to the Slovak state. The situation of the Polish priests had led to arguments between the bishop metropolitan of Krakow Adam Sapieha and the Slovak church hierarchs or else the Slovak lay authorities. Contrary to the widespread opinion to be found in Polish research as well as in the popular opinion, the Polish priests who had been deprived of their parishes were not at all mistreated. They returned to the General Gouvernement or else were also placed in Slovak monasteries. Repressions directed against Polish priests concerned above all their negative attitude towards the Slovak state and the local population. In the years 1940–1945, it was the Slovak priests who were in charge of the Spiš parishes. After Upper Spiš had been taken over by the Polish army, the Slovaks, including the priests, were subjected to repressions. The example of priest Franciszek Móš who, following a few months spent in custody, was subsequently expelled from Poland, is not an isolated case. By the end of 1945, the Slovak priests had left the territories which were taken over by Poland. After taking over the recovered parishes, the Polish priests discriminated against Slovak parishioners, among other by making it difficult for them to perform the religious rites in the Slovak language. Such conduct was the cause of the complaint lodged by the Consul General of Czechoslovakia with the Polish authorities. The attitude of the Polish priests was on the whole accepted by the Polish church hierarchy, including the bishop metropolitan Adam Sapieha.

Three histories of one Slovakia. On Polish literature of the interwar period on the situation of Slovaks in the face of the fall of the Habsburg monarchy

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Świątek A.

Folia Historica Cracoviensia

2019

vol. 25

issue 2

193-226

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie stosunku polskiego piśmiennictwa okresu międzywojennego (publicystyki, historiografii) wobec roli Słowaków w dziele budowy I Republiki Czechosłowackiej oraz ich sytuacji we wspólnym z Czechami państwie. Zebrany materiał podzielono zasadniczo na trzy nurty: filowęgierski, filoczeski (filoczechosłowacki), filosłowacki, ale zwrócono także uwagę na zainteresowania Słowacją w ramach prowadzonych w II RP badań słowianoznawczych. Omawiane w niniejszym artykule prace starały się porównać położenie Słowaków pod panowaniem węgierskim oraz w czasach czechosłowackich, odpowiedzieć na pytanie o to czy istnieje naród czechosłowacki, w końcu wskazać, z kim państwo polskie powinno wiązać swoją przyszłość na arenie międzynarodowej (wspierać aspiracje Węgier do odzyskania Słowacji, ułożyć poprawne stosunki z Pragą, czy może wspierać narodowy ruch słowacki przeciwko Czechom).

The aim of this article is to show the attitude of Polish interwar literature (political commentary, historiography) towards the role of Slovaks in building the First Czechoslovak Republic and their situation in the state they shared with Czechs. The collected material has been divided into three categories: pro-Hungarian, pro-Czech (pro-Czechoslovak) and pro-Slovak, but the author also notes an interest in Slovakia related to the Slavic studies conducted during the Second Polish Republic. The works discussed in this article attempted to compare the Slovaks’ situation under the Hungarian rule and in Czechoslovakia; to answer the question whether the Czechoslovak nation existed; and to suggest to whom the Polish state should bind its future on the international arena (support Hungary’s aspirations to recover Slovakia, establish good relations with Prague, or support the Slovak nationalist movement against Czechs).

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1 Folia Historica Cracoviensia

1 Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa

1 Ciągwa J.

1 Świątek A.

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Poľsko–slovenská administratíva farnosti Spišského Zamaguria (Spišského dekanátu a Nedeckého dištriktu) v rokoch 1939–1948

Three histories of one Slovakia. On Polish literature of the interwar period on the situation of Slovaks in the face of the fall of the Habsburg monarchy