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Emission of pollutions and air protection on the Czech-Polish border

100%
Sońta W.
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
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2017
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issue Vol. 19, No 3
5-17
EN
The international community decided that the global temperature cannot rise more than 2°C comparing with the level before the period of industrialisation that the climate changes do not reach a dangerous level. Therefore, EU endeavours to induce the member countries to reduce the emissions. In turn, each of the countries in various areas of functioning of their economies and households seeks reduction of harmful emissions having influence on increase of the temperature in the local scale. In this article there is taken an attempt to present the problem based on the example of the Czech-Polish border and especially on the terrain of Cieszyn city. (original abstract)
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Przedziałowe sterowniki rozmyte w zarządzaniu informacją o zanieczyszczeniach powietrza

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Kasprowicz M., Niewiadomski A.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 199
82-91
EN
This article is a continuation of research on the possibilities of the use of fuzzy logic systems and higher-order fuzzy logic to control the air filters to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides. The control process is non-linear, therefore, it is reasonable to use the fuzzy controllers. Described in this paper an interval-valued fuzzy controller (in sense Mamdani) uses interval-valued fuzzy sets compartments. They describe the use of terms of linguistic levels of nitrogen oxides at the input of the system and the degree of opening of the metering valve in the filter ammonia, based on data obtained from an expert. Using IF-THEN rules interval-valued fuzzy controller calculates the value of the output of the filter set on the basis of the analysis of data-input. The results obtained are very highly consistent with the data provided by the expert and better compared to those obtained with the traditional fuzzy controller, the use of which is presented in the articles.
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The Effects of Policy Mix on the Pollutant Emissions in the United Kingdom

100%
Krajewski P., Mackiewicz M., Piłat K.
Ekonomista
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2020
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issue 4
541-554
PL
Artykuł ukazuje skutki ekologiczne kombinacji polityki budżetowej i pieniężnej stosowanej do pobudzenia gospodarki w trakcie cykli koniunkturalnych. Jest to ważna kwestia zwłaszcza podczas kryzysu i w okresie pokryzysowym, kiedy rządy i banki centralne szukają nowej kombinacji polityki budżetowej i pieniężnej. Autorzy przeprowadzają analizę empiryczną opartą na dynamicznym modelu stochastycznym równowagi ogólnej uwzględniającym efekty środowiskowe (model E-DSGE), na danych kwartalnych dla Wielkiej Brytanii obejmujących okres od 1975 r. do 2016 r. Wyniki analizy wskazują, że stymulacja pieniężna gospodarki jest bardziej korzystna dla środowiska naturalnego aniżeli ekspansywna polityka fiskalna. Wynika to stąd, że ekspansja fiskalna wypiera na ogół inwestycje prywatne i powoduje przesunięcie produkcji do technik bardziej pracochłonnych, a mniej kapitałochłonnych, co wiąże się ze zwiększoną emisją zanieczyszczeń. Natomiast ekspansja monetarna silnie pobudza akumulację nowego kapitału fizycznego, co oznacza mniejsze zanieczyszczenie środowiska w kraju wysoko rozwiniętym, takim jak Wielka Brytania.
EN
The article demonstrates the ecological consequences of the fiscal-monetary policy mix that is used to boost economy during the business cycles. This is an important issue especially in the crisis and post-crisis periods, when a new balance between the monetary and fiscal policies is sought after by the governments and central banks. The authors perform their analysis with the empirical environmental dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, using the quarterly data for the United Kingdom of the period 1975-2016. The results indicate that monetary macroeconomic stimulation is significantly more environment-friendly than fiscal expansion. This is mainly because fiscal expansion tends to crowd out private investment and shift the production from capital-intensive towards more labour-intensive techniques, which results in an increased pollution. Monetary expansion, in turn, has a stimulating effect on the accumulation of the new physical capital, which tends to entail less pollution in a highly developed country like the United Kingdom.
4
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The Energy-climate Package and Realisation of its Objectives within the Context of the Sustainable Development of the European Union

80%
Pach-Gurgul A.
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
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2015
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issue Vol. 10, No 4
75-90
EN
The climate policy of the European Union, concerning the struggle against global warming, concentrates, among others, on the realisation of the objectives of "the energy-climate package 3x20" adopted by the European Council, envisaging a 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, a 20% increase in energy efficiency and a 20% share of energy produced from renewable sources in the overall energy balance by 2020. The commitment to meet these objectives has been underlined with directives aimed at promoting the use of renewable energy sources, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the improvement and extension of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) geologic storage of carbon dioxide and the public support for the actions aiming at environmental protection. The agreed energy-climate package means that EU member states are going to face many challenges, imposing on them the obligation to take a number of measurable steps towards implementation of these directives. On the one hand, the main objectives of the package fit very well into the concept of sustainable development, whilst, on the other, meeting these objectives is very costly and controversial, in particular for countries whose energy is based on conventional sources. What is the essence of the energy-climate package given the climate change theory and within the context of sustainable development? What has been the success of the realisation of the package so far? These are the main research questions in this paper.(original abstract)
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