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EN
Dziennik Berliński between 1897–1922 This paper is devoted to analysing the operations of the daily Dziennik Berliński [Berlin Daily]. The paper was published in Berlin beginning in 1897. Besides providing everyday news briefings, its mission was to meet the socio-cultural needs of the Polish minority living in Berlin. The paper’s aim was to unify groups of Polish migrants who had settled in large numbers in Berlin at the turn of twentieth century. The character of Polish migration as well as the impact of the national Polish movement originating in Poznań determined the profile of the publication. The Polish Association, established in Germany in 1922, had a significant impact on the periodical and acts as an ending date for the considerations of this article.
EN
Both German minority in Poland and Polonia in Germany constitute undoubtedly – along with the history, geographical location and common membership of the Republic of Poland’s and German Federal Republic’s to EU and NATO – one of more important determinants of relations between both states. As to the issue of execution of rights of Germans in Poland and Polonia in German the breakthrough took place as a result of signing Treaty on good neighborhood and friendly cooperation on 17.06.1991. On both sides though there are the charges formulated about the lack of full execution of the Treaty provisions. The subject of controversy is, on the one hand, their status – inequality of terminology used in the Treaty on good neighborhood and friendly cooperation, precisely the lack of term “Polish minority” with regard to Polonia in Germany, which is the result of not recognizing of Poles as the national minority by the Germans. On the other hand there are divergences in the views on the state of execution of the rights of both groups (especially rights of Polonia in Germany), including, among others, inadequate funds, compared to the needs, spent on their activities. Asymmetry in executing of rights of Polonia in Germany on the one hand and ten times less numerous German minority in Poland on the other hand, still exists. Since 2010 these disproportions have been the topic of bilateral talks at the governmental level as well as the talks between those interested ones within the framework of so called Round Table.
EN
In Polish tradition, walking pilgrimages to Marian shrines are a typical manifestation of being religious. One example of a reference to this centuries-old Polish ritual is the initiative started in 1981 by Polish youths from the Polish Catholic Mission in Essen. The article is based on the archival documentation of the Central Archives of the Light–Life Movement in Lublin. The series of files concerning these peregrinations comprises 18 file folders from the years 1981-2005. At the beginning the initiative was private, but in the years to come it gradually gained momentum. From 1985, its organization was helped by the oasis community from Carlsberg in Rhineland Palatinate, focused around Father Franciszek Blachnicki. It was then that intensive organisational growth of the pilgrimage took place. The Light–Life Movement took over the spiritual care of the pilgrims, whose numbers grew in the following years. The participants came from all the West German länder. Most of them were young people, but there were also older people and even young children. The pilgrims usually set off from the parish of the Holy Trinity in Eiberg (Essen). They walked through the western districts of Bochum (Dalhausen), then through Nierenhof and Langenberg, arriving at the shrine in Neviges from the east on a Saturday, and then on Sunday they joined the general celebrations of the Polish Pilgrimage to Neviges organized by the Priests of Christ. The pilgrimage on foot from Essen to the Marian shrine in Neviges has become part of the traditions cultivated by the Polish communities in Germany. The pilgrimages are counted from the first one organised 40 years ago.
PL
W polskiej obyczajowości piesze pielgrzymki do sanktuariów maryjnych są charakterystycznym znakiem religijności. Jednym z przykładów nawiązania do tej wielowiekowej polskiej obrzędowości jest inicjatywa rozpoczęta w 1981 r. w środowisku polskiej młodzieży skupionej przy Polskiej Misji Katolickiej w Essen. Podstawę źródłową artykułu stanowi dokumentacja archiwalna zgromadzona w Archiwum Głównym Ruchu Światło-Życie w Lublinie. Seria akt dotycząca tych peregrynacji obejmuje 18 teczek aktowych z lat 1981-2005. Inicjatywa miała początkowo charakter prywatny, ale z kolejnymi latami stopniowo nabierała coraz większego rozmachu. Od 1985 r. do jej organizacji włączyło się środowisko oazowe z Carlsbergu w Nadrenii Palatynacie skupione wokół ks. Franciszka Blachnickiego. Nastąpił wówczas intensywny rozwój organizacyjny pielgrzymki. Ruch Światło-Życie przejął duchową opiekę nad pielgrzymami, których liczba rosła w kolejnych latach. Uczestnicy pieszych peregrynacji pochodzili z wszystkich zachodnioniemieckich landów. Przeważała młodzież, choć brali w nich udział także osoby starsze, a nawet kilkuletnie dzieci. Pątnicy wyruszali najczęściej z parafii Świętej Trójcy w Eiberg-Essen. Przemierzali zachodnie dzielnice Bochum (Dalhausen), następnie Nierenhof i Langenberg, docierając do sanktuarium w Neviges od strony wschodniej. Na miejsce przybywali w sobotę, zaś w niedzielę dołączali już do ogólnych uroczystości związanych z Polską Pielgrzymką do Neviges organizowaną przez Księży Chrystusowców. Piesze pielgrzymowanie z Essen do sanktuarium maryjnego w Neviges weszło w tradycję polonijnych środowisk w Niemczech. Kolejne trwające do dzisiaj peregrynacje liczone są od tej pierwszej, zorganizowanej 40 lat temu.
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