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1
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A Comb or a Loom? An Attempt at Interpretation of the Szemud Urn Image

100%
Przymorska-Sztuczka M.
Światowit
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2017
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vol. 56(1)
121-126
EN
Combs belong to characteristic motifs appearing on face urns from the Pomeranian culture. They are usually presented in the simplest way – in the form of several vertical lines coming from one horizontal line situated mostly in the central part of the urn. Archaeologists studying the Pomeranian culture accept an interpretation that all images comprised of vertical lines are combs (Dzięgielewski 2007: 183). The article presents another way of interpreting the engraving from the Szemud urn which has been assumed to depict a comb. As it has been discussed, both the image itself (extremely long comb teeth) and the structural position of the image (directly under a face image) are not typical. The author suggests that it is rather a depiction of a vertical warp-weighted loom, as evidenced by other images known from Europe (e.g. Sopron, Bologna) dated to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age.
2

From potatoes to barrows, or there and back again

100%
Rzepecki S.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2016
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vol. 68
409-419
EN
The dissemination of potato cultivation in the territory of Poland created a necessity for the regular removal of stones from the surface of fields. The structures built with the use of these stones can imitate barrows, for example. This issue was analysed when studying the cemetery of the Pomeranian culture in Nowa Sikorska Huta. The author also addresses the problem in the role that imagination can play when employed for the interpretation of archaeological objects.
3
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Sprawozdanie z badań ratowniczych na stanowisku 8 w miejscowości Widzino, gm. Kobylnica, pow. słupski, woj. pomorskie

100%
Ostasz A.
Raport
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2013
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vol. 8
371-383
EN
Archaeological research at the site Widzino 8 (AZP 10-28/153), Kobylnica commune, Słupsk county, pomorskie voivodeship, was carried out in 2008 prior to the construction of the Słupsk bypass. It uncovered an area of 63 ares and recorded 45 features, including 18 connected with a settlement of the Pomeranian culture, 5 connected with a manufacturing settlement of the Wielbark culture, 2 dated to the Early Middle Ages, and one from the contemporary period. No chronology was determined for 19 pits. Discerned objects of culture include manufacturing furnaces for ceramics and iron, household hearths and various resource and waste pits.
4

About the burial-free kurgans once again

100%
Janiak R.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2017
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vol. 69
421-431
EN
One of the features of the burial mound necropolises of Pomeranian culture in the Kashubian Lake District is the presence, beside the mounds, of burial-free constructions. Their form resembles burial mounds or kurgans and their function can often raise questions. This may sometimes result from the fact that such structures are formed in distinct clusters in the cemeteries. At the current stage of research, it can be hypothesized that they represent an integral part of the necropolis.
5
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Wyniki archeologicznych badań ratowniczych na wielokulturowym stanowisku Łosino 15, gm. Kobylnica

75%
Domańska L., Piotrowska M., Rzepecki S., Stępień A.
Raport
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2013
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vol. 8
357-370
EN
The multi-cultural site Łosino 15 (AZP 10-29/39), Kobylnica commune, pomorskie voivodeship, revealed the acquired material of the Pomeranian culture and the Wielbark culture. The majority of the discovered features are to be connected with the first settlement horizon. The features of the Pomeranian culture in the number of 135 were dominated by pits and hearths. The collection of ceramics included pots, vase-like vessels, bowls, and plates. 16 features were attributed to the Wielbark culture – pits, hearths, a furnace, and concentrations of ceramics. The collection of ceramics from the period of Roman influence is dominated by pots of group I, according to R. Wołągiewicz. The site revealed also base parts of slag-pit furnaces, as well as a considerable amount of cinder. The affiliation of the relics of ancient metallurgy is a problematic issue.
6
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Badania specjalistyczne nowych znalezisk z wczesnej epoki żelaza odkrytych na stanowisku 4 w Miechęcinie, pow. kołobrzeski

75%
Gan P., Galewski T., Kasprzak A.
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
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2014
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vol. 10
115-132
EN
Abstract: The article presents the results of the research on the Pomeranian culture pottery finds from site 4 in Miechęcino, Kołobrzeg district. The main goal of the article is to attempt to identify the stratigraphical relationship between grave 159 and feature 26 (the one containing a sword of the XVIII B type according to J. Fogel). For this reason the authors analysed pottery finds from both features using archaeological and physicochemical methods (X-ray fluorescence and thermogravimetric analyses).
7

Remarks on some symbolic graves of the Pomeranian culture

75%
Malinowski T., Krzysiak A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2012
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vol. 64
431–439
EN
This paper addresses issues raised by a paper published recently in this journal on the interpretation of symbolic graves in the Pomeranian culture, taking the opportunity to correct some inaccuracies presented there (Stepańczak et al. 2011). In particular, it shows that in some circumstances where small remains of human bone occur in graves they may be there by accident, without taking away from the symbolic character of such burial remains. In addition, two unpublished examples of graves with no evidence of burial are described
8

Osada kultury pomorskiej w Odrach, stan. 2, gm. Czersk

75%
Chabińska M.
Pomorania Antiqua
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2018
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vol. Tom XXVII
s. 163-201
EN
The settlement of the Pomeranian culture in Odry, site 2 is located in the northern part of Bory Tucholskie. It was discovered by Józef Kostrzewski in 1926, but proper excavation works started in 1962 and were carried out by L. J. Łuka and A. Szymańska. During the excavations, the area of nearly 4 ares was examined and 89 features were registered. Most of them were associated with the Pomeranian culture – 79 features. Amongst them was determined the presence of these to which dwelling, economic or production function can be reasonably ascribed. The majority of artefacts consisted of pottery material – 1637 potsherds and 2 vessels fully preserved. Other finds included: clay spindle whorl, three stone grinders, animal bones and many fragments of scorched clay. The pottery of the Pomeranian culture was described and classified in both morphological, and technological ways. The first division was based on vessel profiles and basic proportions. As the result of applied parameters there were distinguished 5 basic typological groups: pots, vases, bowls, mugs and plates. Technological classification included two main groups which were determined on the grounds of the followings properties: wall thickness, surface treatment, and the size and quantity of temper. Ornamented potsherds constitute a small group of finds. Apart from the incised motif, which is the most recurrent, there were also recorded some stamps, short incisions, nail imprints, crimp and cordon. The Pomeranian settlement in Odry, site 2 is dated to the early and middle La Tène period. This chronology was established based on radiocarbon examination results and the analyses of vessel shapes. The data about environmental conditions were established based on research results concerning peat bog, which adheres directly to the hill where the Pomeranian settlement was located. It was the area where natural resources created good natural conditions for humans, and in this way facilitated them a more long-standing existence.
PL
Stanowisko 2 w Odrach, gm. Czersk, woj. pomorskie położone jest w północnej części Borów Tucholskich. Zostało odkryte przez Józefa Kostrzewskiego w 1926 roku, jednak systematyczne badania archeologiczne przeprowadzono tu dopiero 1962 roku pod kierunkiem L. J. Łuki oraz A. Szymańskiej. Na obszarze blisko 4 arów zarejestrowano 89 obiektów. Większość z nich jest identyfikowana z kulturą pomorską – 79 obiektów. Wśród nich stwierdzono obecność tych, którym z dużą dozą prawdopodobieństwa można przypisać funkcję mieszkalną, gospodarczą, czy produkcyjną. Oprócz wymienionych, na osadzie pojawiły się także paleniska, ogniska oraz dość liczne dołki posłupowe. W materialne przeważa ceramika naczyniowa, zachowana w typowym dla osad znacznym rozdrobnieniu. Zgromadzono 1637 fragmentów naczyń kultury pomorskiej. W całości zachowały się jedynie dwa naczynia: kubek i misa. Oprócz ceramiki odkryto także gliniany przęślik, 3 rozcieracze, kości zwierzęce oraz polepę. Ze względu na kształt, ogólne proporcje i przeznaczenie naczyń wyszczególniono pięć podstawowych grup – garnki, wazy, misy, kubki oraz talerze krążkowe. Inny podział przeprowadzono ze względu na takie cechy jak grubość ścianek, rodzaj powierzchni, wielkość oraz ilość domieszki schudzającej. Dla omawianego materiału autorka wydzieliła dwie główne grupy technologiczne. Do najczęściej spotykanych sposobów zdobienia naczyń należał ornament ryty. Oprócz niego pojawiły się także odciski stempelków, ornament paznokciowy, listwa plastyczna oraz nacinanie. Na podstawie badań radiowęglowych oraz ceramiki ustalono chronologię osady na wczesny i środkowy okres lateński. Bardzo cenne dla poznania i charakterystyki ówczesnych warunków środowiskowych okazały się wyniki badań palinologicznych profilu torfowiska bezpośrednio przylegającego do wzgórza na jakim została zlokalizowana osada. Była ona ulokowana na obszarze, którego zasoby naturalne stwarzały dogodne warunki egzystencjonalne dla ludzi i zapewne wpływały na długotrwały charakter osadnictwa. Słowa kluczowe: wczesna epoka żelaza, kultura pomorska, osadnictwo.
9

Zabytek a światopogląd na przykładzie interpretacji urny twarzowej z Grabowa Bobowskiego

63%
Tomczyk B.
Pomorania Antiqua
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2020
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vol. Tom XXIX
s. 7-24
EN
There is a relationship between the interpretation of an artefact and the worldview. The fate of face urn from Grabowo Bobowskie was influenced by political and historical worldviews, dependent on the adopted civilisations: Latin by the Polish nation and Byzantine by the German nation. German scientists, supported by the state administration, studied the Germanic settlement on Polish territory, tracing it already in prehistory. In this way, they justified the political belonging of these lands to the Prussian state, and after the unification of Germany - to the German state. The views on the ‘cultural superiority’ of the Germanic peoples, and thus their heirs - the Germans, and the German contempt for other nations, created a corresponding social and political life. At that moment the urn from Grabowo Bobowskie was transferred to the museum in Poznań. At the end of the 20th century the search for ethnos belonging to an archaeological culture was abandoned. As a result politics ceased to influence scientific research. Aesthetic worldviews concerning the urn developed as a result of interpretations based on research methods taken from the history of art. Researchers considered face urns to be creations that evoke aesthetic values characteristic of works of art. The researchers considered face urns to be products which evoke the aesthetic value characteristic of works of art.
10
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Cmentarzysko kurhanowe ludności kultury pomorskiej w Żakowie, gm. Sulęczyno. Badania w latach 2014–2015

63%
Janiak R.
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
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2017
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vol. 13
35-54
EN
The article presents results of the archaeological excavations conducted at a Pomeranian culture cemetery in Żakowo, site 3, Sulęczyno commune, Pomeranian Voivodship in 2014–2015. During this time, three barrows and two stone structures were excavated. Barrow V/2014 had the most elaborate form. Its base consisted of a four-layered stone rim 5.8 meters in diameter. Cremation burial of two people was found inside.
11

Przedstawienia jeźdźców i wojowników na urnach kultury pomorskiej jako świadectwo igrzysk pogrzebowych – próba interpretacji wybranych scen narracyjnych

51%
Wojtecki J.
Pomorania Antiqua
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2020
|
vol. Tom XXIX
s. 25-38
EN
Amongst urns associated with the Pomorska culture there is a small number of those with representations of carts, mounted steeds, horses and footsoldiers. Those atypical representations made on items of huge eschatological significance seem to play an important role in their makers’ religious system. Some of narrative scenes shown on them suggest, that they are images of funeral games – horse, cart or foot races and fight competitions, which we know from historical and literary sources describing various Indo-European societies. It shows, that similar rituals were propably performed by people of the Pomorska culture. By putting their images on urns used in funeral, their makers, people with mythical perception of reality implemented their effects without performing them in physical way.
12
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Obiekty osadnicze cyklu łużycko-pomorskiego na stanowisku nr 1 w Bagiczu i nr 27 w Kołobrzegu, pow. kołobrzeski

51%
Kozłowska D.
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
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2022
|
vol. 18
257-281
EN
The article presents materials associated with the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age settlement in the coastal zone of Central Pomerania. The discovery was made in 2018 during the field walking included in the project The Cultural Images of Life and Death – A Non-Invasive Research on the Prehistoric Settlement in Bagicz Forest.
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