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EN
The European Commission put a growing emphasis on the territorial and integrated approach to policy support addressed in the frame of regional policy. In a special way this process refers to cities along with their functional environment. In Poland the National Spatial Development Concept 2030 has introduced the concept of functional areas, among others – Functional Urban Areas (FUAs). There is also a new tool – Integrated Territorial Investment (ITI) – for FUAs in the EU programming perspective of 2014-2020. The scope of the article includes FUAs of regional and sub-regional centers in Pomeranian Voivodeship. The objectives of this paper are: to identify the diversity of projects planned for FUAs; to identify factors that integrate the projects mentioned above. The following main methods have been applied: analysis of documents; typology of projects proposed for implementation concerning their subject and integrating factors. Territorial agreements basing on regional operational program were a formula of development planning in the researched FUAs, more liberal than the formula of ITI. In 95% projects integrating factors can be identified (as hypothesis) and classified. The projects relate to many fields, the most to energy efficiency, health and transport.
EN
Pomerania in the Second Republic of Poland was considered to be a civilized region, particularly with respect to the lands which were formerly under Russian rule and to Galicia. Legal regulations and technical infrastructure inherited from the Prussians met the highest sanitary-hygienic criteria. The period of WWI, exceptionally hard life conditions in the first years after the war, the change of political and economic relations entailed lowering the sanitary and esthetic condition of Pomeranian towns and villages. It affected the image of the new Polish state negatively. The state and local authorities started to fight neglect and bad habits, wishing to improve the sanitary condition and to eliminate the negative stereotype of “Polish economy”. The administrative measures to enhance the level of hygiene and the esthetic condition of districts took place aft er a medical doctor Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski became Home Secretary in October 1926. The minister’s directives contributed to sorting out many neglected issues related to hygienic culture, also in Pomerania. The continuous scrutiny of the police and authorities, giving high fines for not following directives reduced the initial reluctance of Pomeranian society to improve the hygienic level. In many cases sanitary and esthetic conditions of towns and villages improved (i.e. bigger towns – Toruń, Grudziądz, Gdynia; smaller towns – Chełmża), but there still remained poor districts where sanitary conditions were far from any civilized norms.
PL
Przedmiotem prezentowanych badań są projekty wspomagane środkami Unii Europejskiej realizowane w latach 2007–2013 w małych miastach województwa pomorskiego w ramach: Celem badań jest identyfikacja struktury rodzajowej wspieranych funduszami unijnymi, ich rozkład przestrzenny oraz określenie zależności pomiędzy wielkością pozyskanych środków UE a potencjałem demograficznym, położeniem oraz statusem miasta.
EN
The subject of the presented research was projects co financed with European Union funds realised in years 2007–2013 in small towns of Pomeranian Voivodeship. Projects which were included belong to three programmes: Innovative Economy Programme, Infrastructure and Environment Programme and Regional Operational Programme. The aim of the researches was study of the structure of projects according to its kind and town division. The other aim was to test if quantity of funds depend from the number of inhabitants, location and status of town. There are not many actual relations between this features. Projects concerning transformation of public spaces were systematised and analysed in more detail.
PL
W okresie referendum ludowego i wyborów do Sejmu Ustawodawczego w 1946 i 1947 roku prasa była jednym z najważniejszych narzędzi propagandowych wykorzystywanych przez komunistów. Niniejszy tekst jest analizą zawartości najważniejszych tytułów prasy wydawanej na terenie ówczesnego województwa pomorskiego. Zostały w nim poruszone takie problemy jak: sposób przedstawiania opozycji oraz podziemia niepodległościowego; najważniejsze zagadnienia tzw. propagandy pozytywnej, polegającej na promowaniu działań podejmowanych przez komunistów i ich sojuszników; relacjonowanie przebiegu głosowań oraz ich wyników.
EN
During the Polish people’s referendum and Polish legislative election in the years 1946–1947, the press was one of the most important propaganda tools using by communists. The text is the content analysis of the most important press titles published in the Province of Pomerania in those days. It focuses on the following problems: ways of presenting the opposition and the independence underground; the most important issues of so called positive propaganda aimed to advance the achievements of communists and their allies; relating voting course and its results.
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