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EN
Abstract: The article presents the results of the research on the Pomeranian culture pottery finds from site 4 in Miechęcino, Kołobrzeg district. The main goal of the article is to attempt to identify the stratigraphical relationship between grave 159 and feature 26 (the one containing a sword of the XVIII B type according to J. Fogel). For this reason the authors analysed pottery finds from both features using archaeological and physicochemical methods (X-ray fluorescence and thermogravimetric analyses).
EN
The aim of the research presented in this article is to assess the risks associated with granting trade credit at a group of agricultural enterprises on the example of businesses located in Middle Pomerania. This assessment of the risk involved in extending credit to business partners in the agricultural sector was conducted in stages. The first task was to describe the sample of farms, with particular emphasis placed on the effects of their financial decisions. This was followed by a presentation of the activity of agricultural holdings in respect of the granting of trade credit, whose main aims were to evaluate the tendency to postpone the maturity dates of customer payments and to assess the characteristics of price discount policies. Counterparties’ credit risk was measured as the proportion of total sales revenue lost by agricultural businesses due to non-repayment of trade credit.
PL
Celem badań zaprezentowanych w artykule jest ocena ryzyka związanego z udzielaniem kredytu handlowego w grupie przedsiębiorstw rolniczych na przykładzie podmiotów zlokalizowanych w regionie Pomorza Środkowego. Badanie dotyczące oceny ryzyka kredytowania kontrahentów w sektorze rolnym przebiegało wieloetapowo. W pierwszej kolejności dokonano charakterystyki badanej próby przedsiębiorstw, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem skutków podejmowanych przez nie decyzji finansowych. W dalszej części przedstawiono cechy stosowanej polityki kredytu handlowego. Skoncentrowano się na ocenie skłonności do odraczania terminów płatności odbiorcom oraz charakterystyce stosowanych opustów cenowych. Pomiar ryzyka kredytowania kontrahentów oparto na wskaźniku udziału utraconych przychodów ze sprzedaży z tytułu braku spłaty zobowiązań w przedsiębiorstwie rolniczym w wyniku udzielonego odbiorcy kredytu handlowego w stosunku do wartości przychodów ogółem ze sprzedaży.
EN
Farmers, when choosing a bank whose services they want to use, are guided by various factors. The purpose of the research conducted was to select the most essential factors that determine the choice of a bank and an identification of connections between opinions on a bank (its reputation) and the selected features that characterize farmers from the Middle Pomeranian region. The primary data obtained in the course of the empirical field research conducted and a multidimensional correspondence analysis were used in the realization of the objective accepted. The following constituted the set of operands: the status and acreage of the farm, the type and the value of production, sex, age and education of the person in charge of the farm. As is evident from the research conducted, the opinion on a bank (its reputation) was the most essential determinant indicated in the selection of banks by farmers. The analysis demonstrated among others that those farmers polled who think that the opinion on the bank constitutes an important cause in the selection of banking products and services are in aged below 45, they possess secondary agricultural education and run farms with plant and animal production.
PL
Rolnicy dokonując wyboru banku z usług, którego chcą korzystać kierują się różnego rodzaju czynnikami. Celem przeprowadzonego badania był wybór najistotniejszych czynników determinujących wybór banku oraz identyfikacja powiązań pomiędzy opinią o banku (jego reputacją), a wybranymi cechami charakteryzującymi rolników z regionu Pomorza Środkowego. Do realizacji podjętego celu wykorzystano dane pierwotne pozyskane w toku przeprowadzonych terenowych badań empirycznych oraz wielowymiarową analizę korespondencji. Zestaw zmiennych niezależnych stanowiły: status oraz powierzchnia gospodarstwa rolnego, rodzaj i wartość produkcji, płeć, wiek oraz wykształcenie kierującego. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań najistotniejszą wskazywaną determinantą wyboru banku przez rolników była opinia o banku (jego reputacja). Analiza wykazała między innymi, że ankietowani rolnicy, którzy uważają, że opinia o banku stanowi ważną przyczynę przy wyborze produktów i usług bankowych są w wieku poniżej 45 lat, posiadają wykształcenie średnie rolnicze i prowadzą gospodarstwa z produkcją roślinną lub zwierzęcą.
EN
During the survey and rescue research carried out in 2016-2018 on site 2 in Wicko (Fig. 1), the remains of settlements from the beginning of the Iron Age and the early Middle Ages were discovered. In total 49 features were unearthed (Fig. 3), two of which are dated to the beginning of the Iron Age and 34 to the early Middle Ages. The chronology of 13 pits was not determined. Source materials dated to Ha C (Fig. 5), although few (eight fragments of vessels, three flint products), constitute an important settlement context for the assemblage of bronze jewellery items discovered at the beginning of the 20th century (Fig. 2). Both the jewellery and the pottery vessel discovered on the site can be dated to the older Hallstatt period (Ha C), which in absolute chronology falls around 900-650 BC. The set of jewellery discovered in the lower parts of the slope could have been deposited by the inhabitants of the settlement in a marshy environment of the Charbrowska Struga branch flowing at the foot of it (Fig. 6). Unearthing of a few features (Fig. 4) indicates a significant devastation of the ‘Lusatian’ settlement during the long-term medieval settlement and intensive earthworks carried out in this area for over two millennia. The described traces of settlement from the beginning of the Iron Age constitute a smaller part of the source materials discovered during the conducted excavations. A much more numerous collection is represented by materials obtained from 32 early medieval features (Figs. 7-8), represented by 363 fragments of vessels, one spindle whorl and one lump of slag. They constitute an extremely interesting collection in terms of forms (Figs. 9-14), decoration and, above all, the coexistence of individual families of vessel types. In the analysed assemblage, vessel forms were distinguished with their equivalents in the families of types AB/Sukow, D/Mekendorf, G/Vipperow, H/Weisdin, J/Teterow and K/vessels with cylindrical neck. Based on the style of vessels within the studied space, two phases of settlement of the studied area in this period were distinguished. The older one was dated from the 7th to the mid-8th century, while the younger one, from the end of the 10th to the mid-11th century. It can be assumed that, together with the neighbouring sites in Wicko and Skarszewo, they form part of a larger settlement microregion limited by the backwaters of the Charbrowska Struga and the Białogardzka Struga (Fig. 15). The central point of the local settlement network was the stronghold in Białogarda that existed in the 8th-13th centuries. In the area crossed by rivers and their tributaries, communication and transport were carried out using stave boats. Several wrecks of such boats, dated from the end of the 10th to the 12th century, were once discovered in Żarnowska (formerly Czarnowsko) and in Charbrowo.
EN
Excavation research was conducted in 2015–2017 on multicultural site No. 12 at Kędzierzyn, Koszalin district. Majority of the finds are associated with the settlement of the Pomeranian culture. This article, however, presents other material connected with the Mesolithic and Neolithic settlement represented by the Corded Ware groups as well as the Early Middle Ages and early modern period.
EN
The article is an extended version of the lecture delivered at the International Conference ‘The Reformation in West Pomerania’, which took place on 8–9 December in the Conference Centre of the Szczecin University in Kulice. The questions dealt with in the text include the impact of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation on the form and contents of the modern-times epitaphs in Central Pomerania, which was exemplified with selected items: the epitaph of the married couple of the Adebars (1500) from the Cathedral in Kolberg (Kołobrzeg), the epitaph of Faustina Knigge (1587), which at first was also placed in the Kolberg Collegiate Church and now is to be found in St Mary’s Church in Belgard (Białogard); and exemplified with later artefacts of the 17th–18th centuries devoted to the Family of the Podewils in Krangen, Wusterwitz and Zuckau. The review of the artefacts is preceded by a list of Luther’s recommendations concerning sacred art, including the changing iconography, the subject matter of paintings and sculptures and some modest statements about the epitaphs themselves.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł jest rozszerzoną wersją referatu wygłoszonego na międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej „Reformacja na Pomorzu Zachodnim”, która odbyła się 8–9 grudnia w Ośrodku Konferencyjno-Edukacyjnym Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego w Kulicach. Zagadnienia poruszone w tekście obejmują wpływ reformacji i kontrreformacji na rozwój form oraz treści nowożytnych epitafiów Pomorza Środkowego, co zostało ukazane na przykładzie wybranych dzieł: epitafium małżonków Adebar (1500 r.) z katedry w Kołobrzegu, Faustyna Knigge (1587 r.) pierwotnie znajdujące się również w kołobrzeskiej kolegiacie, obecnie w kościele Mariackim w Białogardzie oraz na przykładzie późniejszych monumentów pochodzących już z XVII/XVIII wieku poświęconych rodowi von Podewils w Krągu, Ostrowcu i Żukowie. Przegląd zabytków poprzedza wykaz zaleceń Lutra odnośnie do sztuki kościelnej, w tym: zmieniająca się ikonografia, tematyka obrazów i rzeźb oraz skromne wypowiedzi na temat samych epitafiów.
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