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EN
The author analyses an interesting document from the pontificate of Pope Pius XII in this study. The International Committee of Historical Sciences organized the Tenth International Congress of ICSH in the very city of Rome in 1955. Pope Pius XII was invited to deliver a speech to this assembly of renowned historians from all over the world. In the first part, the author analyses the complicated story of the relationship between the papacy, history and historical sciences from the very beginning up to the twentieth century. In the second part, he explores the historical context of this kind of papal teaching and the situation of Pope Pius XII in the middle of the 1950s. He consequently analyses and comments on the text of the speech. Surprisingly, the Pope thematizes much more on the topic of historical change and continuity and the role of the Church in history and the modern world as opposed to the topic of historical sciences as such. In the last part, the author provides several reflections concerning the connections between the ideas of the Pope expressed in this speech and the concepts of Vatican II.
EN
The study treats the viewpoints of Pope Pius XII on the European integration process. His attitudes towards those events were highly relevant as he was heading the Roman Catholic Church at the time when two totalitarian ideologies — Nazism and Communism — clashed, and afterwards, at the outbreak of the Cold War. Primarily, the author of the study analyses what the main goals of the Pope were during the World War II as to the unification of the old continent, as well as what his stand on particular emerging organizations was — be it the European Coal and Steel Community (which Pius XII had already foreseen two years before its coming into existence), the European Defense Community, the role of the Vatican during the Hague Congress of 1949, or his promoting the proposal for a united strategy in foreign policies of the European countries. Although this fact may not be so well-known, Pius XII managed to create a unique attitude of the Papal See towards European integration, which has until today determined the stand of the Vatican on the question of the integration project to a considerable degree, stating that it ought to be even pursued in case it were economically unfavourable.
CS
Studie pojednává o postojích papeže Pia XII. vůči evropskému integračnímu procesu. Stanoviska papeže k těmto událostem byla o to významnější, že stál v čele římskokatolické církve v době střetu dvou totalitních ideologií — nacismu a komunismu — a posléze začínající studené války. Autor primárně analyzuje, jaké byly hlavní cíle papeže během druhé světové války, pokud šlo o budoucí sjednocení starého kontinentu, a o jeho vztah ke konkrétním organizacím — Evropskému společenství uhlí a oceli (jež Pius XII. dokonce prorocky předestřel dva roky před jeho vznikem), Evropskému obrannému společenství, o roli Vatikánu během Haagského kongresu v roce 1949 či o jeho podporu návrhu na jednotnou zahraniční politiku evropských zemí. Pius XII., ač je toto téma prakticky neznámé, vytvořil jedinečný přístup Svatého stolce k evropské integraci, který dodnes do velké míry determinuje postoj Vatikánu k integračnímu projektu, v němž by se podle jeho slov mělo pokračovat i v případě ekonomické nevýhodnosti.
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