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PL
Tekst jest recenzją książki Krzysztofa Loski „Postkolonialna Europa. Etnoobrazy współczesnego kina” (2016). Recenzentka twierdzi, że podjęta w tej publikacji refleksja na temat współczesnego kina europejskiego, widziana przez pryzmat zwrotu postkolonialnego, pozwala całkiem na nowo, a zarazem krytycznie spojrzeć na filmy znane oraz zwrócić uwagę na te, które sytuują się na marginesach kina narodowego czy festiwalowego. W ocenie Kity publikacja sprawia wrażenie złożonego i wyczerpującego opracowania zmian w obrębie obecnych w kinie tematów: stereotypizacji wizerunków, rasy, płci, tworzenia nowych narracji historycznych, dziedzictwa europejskiego. Omówiwszy budowę książki i krytycznie zrelacjonowawszy jej najważniejsze tezy, autorka recenzji dostrzega, że pracę kończy krótki szkic o muzyce transkulturowej i hybrydycznej, który w jej odczuciu osłabia konkluzywność całej książki, raczej sygnalizuje, że temat będzie się rozwijał, niż proponuje syntetyczne podsumowanie tak długiej, uporządkowanej historii kina.
EN
A book review of Krzysztof Loska’s „Postkolonialna Europa. Etnoobrazy współczesnego kina” [„Postcolonial Europe. Ethnoimages of Contemporary Cinema”] (2016). The reviewer argues that the reflection on the situation of contemporary European cinema seen through the prism of post-colonialism, permits a fresh, yet critical, look at well-known films and also notice those that fall within the festival or niche national cinema margins. According to Kita the publication is a complex and comprehensive review of changes in themes present in films: stereotypes of image, race, gender, creation of new historical narratives, European heritage. Having discussed the construction of the book and critically reported on its main thesis, the reviewer notes that the work ends with a brief sketch on transcultural and hybrid music, which, in her opinion, weakens the conclusiveness of the whole book. Rather than offering a synthetic summary of a long and ordered history of the cinema, it offers a new theme, and a promise of its development.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the process of appropriation of public space by the tourism industry in island states with the example of the temple of Borobudur, addressing the question of the changing trends of the temple’s basic functions, from sacred to tourist functions, and the effects of the presented changes on the traditional users of the temple. The Borobudur temple complex has been (symbolically and practically) transferred from the hands of Buddhists into the hands of tourists. The Javanese cultural heritage has been commoditized in a systematic way and lacks religious functions. This is one example of how tourism increasingly appropriates spaces and redefines the meaning of cultural objects. Structural inhibitions to the Borobudur temple being used for traditional religious purposes can be considered an example of tourist neo-colonialism (both from the perspective of postcolonial theory and in light of previous research on the subject).
EN
The essay takes up the issue of postcolonial representation in terms of a critique of European modernism that has been symptomatic of much postcolonial theoretical debates in the recent years. It tries to enumerate the epistemic changes within the paradigm of postcolonial theoretical writing that began tentatively with the publication of Edward Said’s Orientalism in 1978 and has taken a curious postmodern turn in recent years with the writings of Gayatri Spivak and Homi Bhabha. The essay primarily focuses on Bhabha’s concepts of ambivalence and mimicry and his politics of theoretical anarchism that take the representation debate to a newer height vis-à-vis modes of religious nationalism and Freudian psychoanalysis. It is interesting to see how Bhabha locates these within a postmodern paradigm.
EN
The article contemplates social and cultural consequences of the fall of communism as the dominating socio-political ideology and some attempts to fill up the ideological void left by the withering dogmas of the previous regime. One of the discourses, whose premises seem applicable to the post-soviet reality, is post-colonial theory. However, its immediate application does not seem possible for the variety of geo-political reasons which result in a sense of ideological disappointment turning Russians into new subalterns, devoid of their former imperialist pride and uncertain of their status in the globalized and still globalizing world.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje się namysłu nad społecznymi i kulturowymi skutkami upadku komunizmu, bedącego dominującą ideologią społeczno-polityczną, a także nad próbami wypełnienia ideologiczej pustki wywołanej przemijającymi dogmatami upadłego ustroju i porządku. Postkolonializm jest jednym ze współczesnych dyskursów, który zdaje się obiecująco korespondować z post-sowiecką rzeczywistością. Należy jednak pamiętać, iż jego bezpośrednie zastosowanie zdają się uniemożliwiać różnorodne czynniki geopolityczne. Te doprowadzają do poczucia ideologicznego rozczarowania zamieniając Rosjan w nowych podporządkowanych, pozbawionych imperialistycznej dumy i niepewnych własnego statusu w świecie dynamicznie rozwijajacej się globalizacji.
EN
This essay investigates the ways in which Shakespearean production speaks to France and wider European crises in 2015 and 2016. The Tempest and Romeo and Juliet were directed by Jérôme Hankins and Eric Ruf respectively in December 2015 and reflected significant contemporaneous issues, including: (1) two Paris terrorist attacks which sent shock waves throughout France and Europe; (2) the belief that shared identities were under threat; (3) concerns over shifting power dynamics in Europe. The portrayal of these issues and their reception bring into question the extent to which cultural productions can help to promote social change or shape perceptions of national and pan-European events. This essay focuses on whether the plays successfully complicate binary narratives around cultural politics in a context of crises by creating alternative representations of difference and mobilities. It concludes that appropriating Shakespeare’s cultural authority encourages some degree of public debate. However, the function of Shakespeare’s drama remains strongly connected to its value as an agent of cultural, political and commercial mobility, ultimately making it difficult radically to challenge ideologies.
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2022
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vol. 10
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issue 1
92-108
EN
Since the last quarter of the 20th century, hip hop has become a cultural means of self-expression, entertainment, and empowerment for youths throughout the world. The creative manipulation of verbal and non-verbal codes has been the main vehicle through which the enormous hip hop cultural industry has been sustained and revitalized. This study investigates the creative ingenuity of a group of Naija (Nigerian) youths in Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria, in the creation of a peculiar hip hop brand in the Nigerian Hip Hop Nation (NHHN). Particularly, the study works through Appadurai’s (1996, 2002) theory on migration and the electronic media as agents of modernity to apprehend the emergence and development of hip hop in Nigeria through the example of Calabar hip hop exponents. This article also derives discursive insight from Alim’s (2009) idea of style as a major non-verbal linguistic vector of hip hop to identify and interrogate the creative ingenuity of the Nigerian youths here examined. Our study concludes that through the formation of a creative bond and the manipulation verbal and performance codes from their cultural space these Nigerian youths have established a peculiar brand of hip hop and are contributing to the transnational, multi-vocal Global Hip Hop Nation.
PL
Dynamiczny rozwój chrześcijaństwa pentekostalnego, zwłaszcza w tych społeczeństwach, które niegdyś doświadczyły zależności kolonialnych, powoduje przewartościowania i odmienne interpretacje jego początków oraz historii. Artykuł koncentrując się na ukazaniu przemian historiografi i ruchu zielonoświątkowego dowodzi, że współcześnie pisarstwo historyczne ukazuje go w wymiarze globalnym. Perspektywa globalna, paradoksalnie, powoduje konieczność uwzględnienia wielu odmiennych i niezależnych od siebie lokalnych i „oddolnych” historii ruchu, zdradzając przy tym zależność od krytyki postkolonialnej. Podejście postkolonialne, w istocie, zdaje się dominować w pracach współczesnych historyków ruchu.
EN
The dynamic development of the Pentecostal Christianity especially in societies that experienced colonial domination and dependencies, evokes necessity to re-evaluate and re-interpret its origin and history. The article resenting tendency and changes in the Pentecostal historiography argues that today’s historical writings concentrate on its global dimension. Global perspective, paradoxically, makes it necessity to take into account a variety of independent, local and grassroots histories of the movement, revealing its dependence on postcolonial theory. Th e postcolonial approach seems to dominate in works of the present historians of the Pentecostal movement.
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