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PL
Stale zwiększający się udział osób starszych w społeczeństwie wiąże się z koniecznością zabezpieczenia ich potrzeb ‒ przede wszystkim zdrowotnych, finansowych, w zakresie kontaktów międzyludzkich oraz udzielania wsparcia w organizacji życia codziennego. W szczególnej sytuacji znajdują się osoby starsze, których dorosłe dzieci przebywają za granicą, gdyż ‒ jak pokazały przeprowadzone przez autorki badania ‒ nieobecność członków najbliższej rodziny ceduje obowiązek zabezpieczenia wymienionych potrzeb na instytucje (ośrodki pomocy społecznej, domy pomocy społecznej i organizacje pozarządowe) oraz osoby z najbliższego otoczenia (sąsiadów). Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie relacji z rodziną, ponieważ ich zmiana w związku z rozłąką migracyjną pokazuje, że poważnym problem stało się osłabienie więzi rodzinnych oraz brak zainteresowania i ograniczona współpraca rodzin z instytucjami udzielającymi wsparcia pozostawionym w kraju seniorom.
EN
The constantly increasing proportion of the elderly in the society makes it necessary to secure their needs – primarily health and financial, people-to-people contacts and providing support in organizing everyday life. In a special situation are the elderly whose children reside abroad, for – as the research conducted by the Authors shows – absence of immediate family members conveys the responsibility of securing the aforementioned needs to insitutions (such as: social welfare centers, nursing homes and non-governmental organizations) as well as people in their immediate vincinity (neighbors). The article's main focus are family relationships, since any changes caused by migration separation show a serious problem of weakening of family ties, lack of interest and limited cooperation of families with institutions that provide support to the seniors left behind in the country.
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EN
An orphaned child, who has no more opportunity for growth and development in its biological family, is often sent to an orphanage, or another residential institution devoted to this type of care. Children who in the beginning of their childhood are raised in these institutions do not always have a chance for good development because places like this are not always able to meet the children’s most important needs. Institutional upbringing often only consists of meeting their basic needs such as proper hygiene and providing food, but this is not enough to promote a proper physical, social or cognitive development of any child. For a proper development, the child psychological needs need to be satisfied and this is required for its well-being. These can only be maintained by providing security, love, belonging and an emotional contact with another person. All these needs can only be provided and guaranteed by a healthy family environment. For an orphaned child, the lack of its own family can only be compensated by an adoptive family. Adoption is the best form of care whereby a family assumes the parenting for another and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with fi liation, from the biological parents. Adoptive families are the closest in its form to a biological family, and should be the most valued mean of tackling the problem of orphaned children in our society.
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