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1

On Pragmatics, Exercitive Speech Acts and Pornography

100%
McGowan M.
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics
|
2009
|
vol. 5
|
issue 1
133-155
EN
Suppose that a suspect being questioned by the police says, "I think I'd better talk to a lawyer." Whether that suspect has invoked her right to an attorney depends on which particular speech act(s) her utterance is. If she is merely thinking aloud about what she ought to do, then she has not invoked that right. If, on the other hand, she has thereby requested a lawyer, she has. Similarly, suppose that an unhappily married man says "I want my wife dead." Whether he has thereby solicited his wife's murder depends on which particular speech act(s) his utterance is. If he is merely describing his desires, he has committed no crime. If, by contrast, he has thereby hired an assassin, he has. As one can see, experts on speech acts (e.g. philosophers, linguists, psychologists and sociologists) have a lot to say about various issues in the law.I believe that expertise in speech act theory also illuminates various issues regarding free speech. In what follows, we consider how speech act theory may apply to certain arguments regarding the free speech status of pornography. In particular, we consider several speech act accounts of MacKinnon's claim that pornography subordinates women, but, before turning to such accounts, some background is offered.
2

Wprowadzenie do pragmatyki przypisów

100%
Szewczyk M.
Komunikacja Społeczna. Czasopismo elektroniczne
|
2013
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issue 3(7)
11-23
PL
Artykuł dotyczy próby określenia reguł pragmatycznych odnoszących się do stosowania i konstruowania przypisów. Za podstawę do ich określenia służy przyjęta jako warunek początkowy równowaga pomiędzy treścią i formą przekazu. Maksymy konwersacyjne Grice’a stanowią natomiast punkt wyjścia do stworzenia reguł, które efektywnie zdeterminują formalny sposób formułowania przypisów. Ze względu na zidentyfikowaną w toku badań znaczną ilość czynników wpływających na redukcję oraz poszerzenie maksym konwersacyjnych, uzyskanych wyników nie należy traktować jako ostatecznych. Stanowią one jednak modelowo określoną podstawę do dalszych analiz.
EN
This article applies to attempts to define pragmatic rules relating to the use and construction of footnotes. The basis for define they is the importance of a balance between content and form of communication. The Gricean Cooperative Principle and subordinate maxims are the basis for the creation of rules to effectively determine the form of footnotes. Due to the large number of identified factors for reducing and expanding the maxims, the results should not be considered as definitive. However, they are a methodological basis for further analysis.
3
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Rhetorical strategies in discourses about language: the persuasive resources of ethos

88%
Marimon Llorca C.
Res Rhetorica
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2016
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vol. 3
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issue 1
68-89
EN
The aim of the paper consists in showing the relevance of ethos-based rhetorical strategies in a journalistic genre called Columns on language (CSLs) in the Spanish press. CSLs are authored by persons of recognized prestige who take position with regard to an issue, often related to correct language usage. The argumentative importance that the speaking subject reveals to have in these kinds of texts has actually led us to study the mechanisms able to construct his/her discursive image. These mechanisms, involved in shaping the author’s ethos, are supposed to raise the readers’ level of support. Four presentational columns belonging to different authors, years, and journals have been analyzed in order to explore the persuasive resources of ethos.
4
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The Pragmatics of Arabic Religious Posts on Facebook: A Relevance-theoretic Account

88%
Zaki M.
Research in Language
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2017
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vol. 15
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issue 1
37-60
EN
Despite growing interest in the impact of computer-mediated communication on our lives, linguistic studies on such communication conducted in the Arabic language are scarce. Grounded in Relevance Theory, this paper seeks to fill this void by analysing the linguistic structure of Arabic religious posts on Facebook. First, I discuss communication on Facebook, treating it as a relevance-seeking process of writing or sharing posts, with the functions of ‘Like’ and ‘Share’ seen as cues for communicating propositional attitude. Second, I analyse a corpus of around 80 posts, revealing an interesting use of imperatives, interrogatives and conditionals which manipulate the interpretation of such posts between descriptive and interpretive readings. I also argue that a rigorous system of incentives is employed in such posts in order to boost their relevance. Positive, negative and challenging incentives link the textual to the visual message in an attempt to raise more cognitive effects for the readers.
5
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Podstawowe problemy językoznawstwa antropologicznego

51%
Chruszczewski P. P.
Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium
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2016
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vol. 1
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issue 1&2
EN
“It has been the effort of the author to connect the study of language with the study of other branches of anthropology, for a language is best understood when the habits, customs, institutions, philosophy – the subject-matter of thought embodied in the language – are best known. The student of language should be a student of the people who speak the language; and to this end the book [paper – P.C.] has been prepared, with many hints and suggestions relating to other branches of anthropology.” Powell ([1877] 1880: vi)
PL
“Wysiłek autora został skupiony na połączeniu zgłębiania języka ze zgłębianiem innych gałęzi antropologii, bowiem język jest najlepiej rozumiany gdy nawyki, obyczaje, instytucje, filozofia – esencja myśli urzeczywistnionej w języku – są najlepiej poznane. Badacz języka powinien zajmować się ludźmi, którzy mówią tym językiem; to właśnie było celem napisania tej książki [pracy – P.C.], zawierającej wiele odniesień do innych gałęzi antropologii”.     Powell ([1877] 1880: vi)
6
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Ty vole jako multifunkční komunikační prostředek v současné češtině

51%
Ludwicki A., Škodová S.
Bohemistyka
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2018
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issue 3
220-246
EN
The paper deals with the use of the expression ty vole ( that can be translated as man/dude/shit) in the current Czech language. Through the qualitative analysis of the material of spoken Czech corpora, the contribution demonstrates that this originally vulgar expression in contemporary Czech has lost its mischievous content in some contexts and it is used also with other meanings than vulgar or depreciative. At the same time, it is possible to observe the shift in its morphological classification, at present it is not always possible to characterize its form as a vocative of the substance of a word vůl/ox, i.e. also its position in the contacting function as addressing a communication partner, but it is formally ceased and it functions as a particle. Paralelly with it, it acquires new communication functions. The aim of the analysis is to describe the communication acquires new communicative functions. Corpus analysis is accompanied by an elicitation research probe among foreign students of Bohemistics. The aim of the elicitation is the individual interpretation of contexts and goals of using the vocabulary of ty vole. 
CS
Příspěvek se zabývá používáním prostředku ty vole v současné mluvené češtině. Prostřednictvím kvalitativní analýzy materiálu mluvených korpusů češtiny příspěvek dokládá, že tento původně vulgární výraz v současné češtině ztratil v některých kontextech svou hanlivou náplň a je užíván i s jinými významy než vulgárními či depreciativními. Zároveň je možné sledovat i posun v jeho morfologickém zařazení, v současné době ne vždy lze charakterizovat jeho formu jako vokativ substantiva vůl, tj. následně i jeho postavení ve funkci kontaktové jako oslovení komunikačního partnera, ale dochází k jeho formálnímu ustrnutí do podoby částice a paralelně s tím, získává nové komunikační funkce. Cílem analýzy je popis komunikačních funkcí, do nichž prostředek ty vole vstupuje. Korpusová analýza je provázena elicitační výzkumnou sondou mezi zahraničními studenty bohemistiky. Cílem elicitace jsou individuální interpretace kontextů a cílů užití slovního spojení ty vole.
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