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Pražský lingvistický krúžok a kontext československej lingvistiky

100%
Ďurovič Ľ.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 1-2
21-24
EN
The author analyzes the varying influence of the newer ideas of the Circle in the Czech lands and in Slovakia. He claims that the main difference between this influence in these two areas lies in the fact that the Czech linguistic tradition was very well established after World War II and new ideas of structuralism were adopted there in an atmosphere of orientation to Anglo-Saxon culture. Slovak linguistics, on the other hand, had to start from the beginning and the Prague Linguistic Circle played a significant role in the development of Slovak linguistic science as well, delineating Slovak as a separate language from Czech.
2
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Prague Linguistic Circle in English : semantic shifts in selected texts and their consequences

75%
Ambros V.
Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)
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2014
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vol. 17
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issue 2
148-161
EN
The author examines selected scholarly studies available in English translation, and the ways in which they form or deform the understanding of the Prague Linguistic Circle for the English speaking reader. The contribution aims to show how the semantic shifts alter some theoretical concepts of the Prague School theorists. The semantic shifts mentioned here are indicative of both individual concretization in the sense introduced by Roman Ingarden, and in its broader meaning formulated by Felix Vodička. The selected texts are mostly present in collections chosen by scholars, who are not necessarily specializing in drama or theatre. They contain three sorts of semantic shifts: terms, titles and editorial interventions.
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Vztahy mezi sémantikou a aktuálním členěním z pohledu anglistických členů Pražského lingvistického kroužku

75%
Dušková L.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 1-2
67-77
EN
Based on the generally recognized close relationship between functional sentence perspective (FSP) and semantics, this paper concentrates on the treatment of the semantic component of this relationship in the works of Vilém Mathesius, Bohumil Trnka and members of the Brno school. While Mathesius laid the foundations of the theory, Trnka touched upon it only in a general outline. A detailed elaboration of the semantic aspect has been presented within his theoretical framework by Jan Firbas, who treats the relationship of FSP to semantics in terms of a dual semantics, static and dynamic. In the works of his colleagues and followers, this approach has been extended to more complex structures, and accordingly somewhat modified. This paper draws attention to the question of whether the specific FSP semantics entirely cancels differing sentence semantics or whether the latter still plays a role and the two can be brought into agreement.
4
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Od propozic k systému? aneb „Historisovati“ Jiřího Veltruského...

63%
Drozd D.
Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 1
86-128
EN
Based on careful study of archival materials the study presents the research, newspaper writing and political activities of Jiří Veltruský, covering especially the years of his studies at university and after the WWII. The author pinpoints, for example, Veltruský’s theatre activities with secondary-school students in the Avant-Garde Theatre Group of the Youth, his political engagement, and close relations to Záviš Kalandra and Karel Teige, and the Surrealists. The gist of the study represents an analysis of as yet unpublished introductory paragraphs of the renowned lecture by Veltruský, published as ‘Dramatický text jako součást divadla’ (Dramatic text as a Component of Theatre, 1941), which include a relevant polemic discussion with the previous structural theatre theories (esp. the ones by Honzl and Bogatyrev). The author of the study, therefore, suggests a reinterpretation of the decade between 1930 and 1940 when the interest of Prague Structuralists in theatre theory culminated as a period of negotiating and re-thinking the structuralist ideas over theatre performance. The historical circumstances, especially Veltruský’s emigration to Paris in 1948, then prevented a satisfactory conclusion of the discussions and caused petrification of texts which may not have originally been meant to become a canon.
5
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Functional reformulations : Prague School and intralingual translation

51%
Drábek P.
Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)
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2014
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vol. 17
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issue 2
81-95
EN
The essay analyses the central ontological gesture of the Prague School (or Prague Linguistic Circle) on the examples of Jindřich Honzl's seminal text on the theatrical sign and Roman Jakobson's later essay on translation. This ontological gesture is contextualised historically and politically with the PLC's activities in its early decades, and proposes a radical and perhaps provocative revision of the notions of the sign and the Prague School taxonomy in general with a view to the non-conceptual (or pre-conceptual) understanding of the signifying process. Honzl refers back to and elaborates on Zich and his revolutionary statement that "a stage stops being a stage once it ceases to represent something"; in doing so it precludes any nominalist assumptions that would prime the signifying process.
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Pražská škola: názorová univerzália a specifika

51%
Daneš F.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 1-2
9-20
EN
The Prague Linguistic Circle developed from a free platform for discussions into a well-organized group of scholars sharing certain basic principles. The School’s teaching consisted in the integration of three complementary concepts: structure, function, and sign (cf. P. Steiner, 1976). This paper discusses the implementation of these concepts by the Prague linguists, mainly the central members of the Circle (Mathesius, Jakobson, Trnka, Havránek, Karcevskij, Mukařovský). Because the members of the group were distinct individuals, their implementation of these principles showed a great variety of opinion. Specific differences may be found on the horizontal axis (between individuals or groupings) as well as on the vertical one (evolution of common principles or the opinions of individuals). This paper deals with opinion divergences in: 1. the treatment of the notion of functionalism (the sophisticated teleological treatment by R. Jakobson vs. the common-sense one by V. Mathesius), 2. the approach to the phenomenon of Standard Language (rather rationalistically by B. Havránek et al. vs. V. Mathesius’ view of language “as a living organism” and emphasis on the expressive and emotional functions), 3. the apprehension and evaluation of artistic literature (J. Mukařovský’s highly sophisticated and abstract aesthetic conception vs. V. Mathesius’s humanistic and moralizing view).
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Pražský lingvistický kroužek a zapomenuté příspěvky k Ottovu slovníku naučnému nové doby

51%
Čermák P., Rossi M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 1-2
143-157
EN
This article examines contributions by individual members of the Prague Linguistic Circle to the Ottův slovník naučný nové doby (Otto’s Encyclopedia of the New Era), published in 1930–1943. The encyclopedia was a very prestigious project at the time, so the participation of as many as 36 members of the Prague Linguistic Circle should not be considered too surprising. Offering a survey of the individual contributions with regard to whether they later became part of the contributors’ published bibliographies, this article further demonstrates that at least a part of the entries in the encyclopedia by the members of the Circle, including some of the most prominent (Jakobson, Wellek, Mukařovský and others), has thus far gone unnoticed. It also briefly assesses the contributions to the encyclopedia by several leading cultural figures of the time.
8
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Věda jako jednání: Pražský lingvistický kroužek, kulturní aktivismus a myšlení o divadle

45%
Bernátek M.
Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)
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2016
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vol. 19
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issue 1
9-36
EN
Structural approach to theatre was developed in the late 1930s and during the WW2 in frame of Prague Circle (“PLC”) as a result of an activist approach to scholarship and close collaboration between theatremakers and scholars. Although the connection between avant-garde aesthetic of 1930s and structuralist writing on theatre has been already described, there are more important relations beyond that generally acknowledged frame. Seminal structuralist essays on theatre were often written as polemics that were addressed, besides regular readers, to the opponents of PLC members. They were also written in the already changed cultural context, where the previous avant-garde model was the object of reflection and overcoming. Furthermore, this approach was driven by the need to explain Avant-Garde theatre to general public by terminology of modern scholarship. The so called Prague theatre structuralism could be therefore seen as a paradigm of scholarship that formulates its theories with respect to science popularisation as well as an attack against other “actors” in the field of theatre studies. The author focuses on the practical and organisational aspect of the PLC. Different modes of collective action in the public space as well as material conditions of existence and financial support are described. Attention is also paid to national and political (leftist) affiliation of the members of the Circle. From this perspective the PLC approach to theatre is analyzed as set of action rather than set o text and ideas.
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