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Orthotes and Diairesis of Names. The Question of Method in Prodicus

100%
Brancacci A.
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 1
173-186
EN
The question of the method was central in the thought and teaching of Prodicus. We have abundant information on this method but it is, probably, closely connected to various other issues (natural investigations, rhetoric and rhetorical theory, questions concerning the gods, ethics), on which we are less well informed. The right method to solve diverse linguistic problems comprised two moments and not just one as it frequently assumed. Similarly, the terms orthotes and diairesis of names, which appear in the sources, do not designate one single and simple procedure, but rather a double and more complex one, which is reconstructed in this article and whose objectives are clarified.
IT
The question of the method was central in the thought and teaching of Prodicus. We have abundant information on this method but it is, probably, closely connected to various other issues (natural investigations, rhetoric and rhetorical theory, questions concerning the gods, ethics), on which we are less well informed. The right method to solve diverse linguistic problems comprised two moments and not just one as it frequently assumed. Similarly, the terms orthotes and diairesis of names, which appear in the sources, do not designate one single and simple procedure, but rather a double and more complex one, which is reconstructed in this article and whose objectives are clarified.
2
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Prodicus at the Crossroads. Once Again on the Antilogy

100%
Giombini S.
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 1
187-200
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyze the tale of Heracles at the Crossroads, attributed to Prodicus by Socrates in Xenophon’s Memorabilia, through the notion of antilogy. The apologue has got an antilogic structure that is immediately outlined in the description of the situation in which the young Heracles finds himself. But the text, seemingly antilogic, does not develop itself according to one of the most important rules of antilogies, i.e., the epistemic parity of two speeches, since it appears to be completely in favor of just one of the theses. Prodicus would have had no interest in writing a text that did not demonstrate his rhetorical and linguistic abilities. According to this perspective, Xenophon’s version of Heracles at the Crossroads does not seem to be the original version by Prodicus, as can be seen by analyzing its structure and properties.
3

Normatywne kryteria oceny poprawności językowej w poglądach sofistów

67%
Kamila T.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2014
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vol. 62
|
issue 3: Filologia Klasyczna
051-078
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcono tematowi odnoszącemu się do powstania i rozwoju myśli językoznawczej w starożytnej Grecji. Szczegółowej analizie poddane zostały studia nad poprawnością wyrażeń językowych prowadzone przez trzech główych przedstawicieli sofistyki greckiej – Gorgiasza, Protagorasa i Prodikosa. Tekst poświęcony został w pierwszej kolejności omówieniu normatywnych kryteriów oceny poprawności językowej, ujmowanych w poglądach Protagorasa i Prodikosa kategorią orthos. Następnie przedstawiono sofistyczne badania nad synonimiką wyrazów, oparte na rozumieniu ich treści etymologicznej. Kanwą zaprezentowanych rozważań jest zaś radykalny pogląd Gorgiasza na przekaz językowy i negacja kognitywnej wartości słowa, którym przeciwstawione zostały podjęte przez Protagorasa i Prodikosa próby nadania słowu właściwego sensu i precyzji. Artykuł dowodzi ostatecznie, że sofistyczne badania nad językiem stanowiły zdecydowanie więcej aniżeli tylko platońską karykaturę sofistycznych praktyk.
EN
This article examines the specific linguistic theory discussed by the sophists. The sophists’ insistence on precision in the language was rooted in their mastery of rhetoric. The main aim of this article is to describe the category of correctness in language and the status of different norms concerning language usage established by the sophists. The purpose of this article is also to explain how Protagoras and Prodicus used the concept of correctness (orthos) in order to distinguish the difference between a pair of similar words (apparent synonyms) and to apprehend the correct meaning of them. It is further shown that the sophists’ interest in proper language usage is far more than Plato’s ironic remark on this issue.
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