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1

Od ewangelika do protestanta. Dzieje leksemów w polszczyźnie

100%

Michalska-Górecka P.

Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

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2016

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vol. 16

EN

Lexemes Evangelic and Protestant appeared in the Polish language in the middle of the 16th century. The name Evangelic was first used by Stanislaw Orzechowski in the work Rozmowa około egzekucyjej of 1563. The name Protestant was created in connection with the protest of Martin Luther’s followers at the Diet of Speyer and its only 16th century attestation comes from Marcin Kromer’s work Mnicha z dworzaninem rozmowa trzecia of 1553. This lexeme also functioned in the meaning not related to religious issues but resulting from the Latin basis. A general name applied in the 16th c. in relation to the Reformation’s followers was the lexeme Evangelic used, among others, by Bielski, Wujek or Skarga. At that time, apart from Evangelic, names reflecting internal diversity of the movement were in use such as, among others, luteran, luteryjan, luter, kalwinista, kalwinita, kalwin or auszpurczanin as well as general names such as konfessyjonista. In subsequent centuries the lexeme Protestant popularized in the first non-religious meaning as a synonym of an opponent. Dictionary resource material from the 17th and 18th centuries concerning the above mentioned lexemes does not allow to claim whether they became synonyms already in the Middle Polish period. The process of semantic identification of the lexemes finished in the Modern Polish period, which is confirmed by both the Polish language dictionaries and the most recent Polish language included in the National Corpus of Polish. It appears that such identification is a result of expiration of the first sub-meaning of the lexeme Protestant as well as an effect of the manner of defining this lexeme involving separation of a religious meaning from specified historical events. When the lexemes appeared in the 16th century, the lexeme Evangelic prevailed whereas currently the lexeme Protestant is more popular.

2

A Contribution to the Question of Marcin Siennik’s Nationality

75%

Bela Z.

Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

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2016

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vol. 60

PL

The aim of the article is to supplement the knowledge of the German origin of Marcin Siennik by, among many other things, the information concerning his Protestant denomination, which influenced the way in which some fragments of the originally Italian The Secrets of the Reverend Maister Alexis of Piemont (Venice, 1555) were translated into Polish, and at the same time to present the views and doings of Sebastian Śleszkowski, the publisher of the second edition of the Polish translation of The Secrets (Kraków, 1620).

3

Confessional politics and secret non-Catholicism in the Czech Lands in the 18th century

63%

Nekvapil L.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2018

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issue 3 (18)

64-73

EN

The paper presents the developments in the religious situation in the Czech Lands (especially in East Bohemia) in the 18th century before the Edict of Tolerance (1781). It is necessary to reflect on the official confessional politics of the ruling Habsburg dynasty and the single official Church as well as to present a real picture of the religious situation in the various parts of the Czech Lands.

4

Przyczynek do sprawy narodowości Marcina Siennika

51%

Bela Z.

Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

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2016

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vol. 60

EN

Marcin Siennik (ca. 1540 – ca. 1580) is mostly known for elaborating Herbarz [“Herbary”] (a popular medical encyclopaedia) and translating the famous Secrets of the Reverend Maister Alexis of Piedmont into Polish.Most historians (Kośmiński, Estreicher, Karpluk, etc.) are certain of Siennik’s German descent, pointing to the fact that the page of Herbarz containing the index of German names was signed by him with his original name: Merten Heüwrecher, which was then translated into Polish as Marcin Siennik. There are also other arguments in support of this thesis (which is what constitutes the contribution mentioned in the title of the paper), for example the way in which he translated the title of Alexis of Piedmont’s book (not secrets, as it is called in the original Italian version and the Latin base for the translation, but mysteries, which points to the influence of the German tradition), a number of words appearing in the text (e.g. Italian potione [beverage] is rendered in Siennik’s version as trunek [drink], which proves similar to the German etymon Trunk or Trank), as well as phrases such as “And having put it into hot ashes for four miserere...” (in Siennik’s translation: “put it into ashes and then take it out...”), which serve as a manifestation of his reluctance to follow the Catholic custom of counting time with the Word of God.In this context, the least valuable is the opinion of Śleszkowski, the “author” of the second edition of the Polish version of The Secrets of the Reverend Maister Alexis of Piedmont, who wrote the following in the preface: “First and foremost I did not confide in the translation by Marcin Siennik when it came to the Polish language, as he is so inept in it that I have never read anything written in Polish quite so ineptly, which shows that he was either a foreigner or brought up in foreign lands in his youth...” – he focused not so much on Siennik’s descent (on which he may have had some information), but primarily on pursuing his own ambition, appropriating the authorship of the Polish translation of The Secrets in order for his “translation,” copied almost verbatim from Siennik’s version, to be considered better and definitive. He was also motivated by “patriotic” premises, which for him meant xenophobia, extreme anti-Semitism, and other products of the Counter-Reformation crusade.

PL

Celem artykułu jest wzbogacenie wiedzy o niemieckich korzeniach Marcina Siennika poprzez, między innymi, opis jego protestanckich wierzeń, które wpłynęły na sposób, w jaki na polski przetłumaczone zostały fragmenty Sekretów Aleksego z Piemontu, w oryginale napisanych po włosku. Artykuł prezentuje też poglądy i poczynania Sebastiana Śleszkowskiego, wydawcy drugiego wydania polskiego tłumaczenia Sekretów (Kraków, 1620).The aim of the article is to supplement the knowledge of the German origin of Marcin Siennik by, among many other things, the information concerning his Protestant denomination, which influenced the way in which some fragments of the originally Italian The Secrects of the Reverend Maister Alexis of Piemont (Venice, 1555) were translated into Polish, and at the same time to present the views and doings of Sebastian Śleszkowski, the publisher of the second edition of the Polish translation of The Secrets (Kraków, 1620).

5

Joseph Ratzinger: Evangelical Ecumenist or How to Argue With a Traditional Protestant Over the Immaculate Conception

38%

Perry T.

Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny

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2023

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vol. 31

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issue 2

281-296

PL

Niniejszy artykuł opisuje tendencję zauważalną wśród niektórych tradycyjnych teologów protestanckich, którzy obserwując wytrwałe wprowadzanie w życie tekstów Soboru Watykańskiego II przez Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI, jego oryginalne podejście do dialogu ekumenicznego i skupienie na biblijnych podstawach w obronie niepokalanego poczęcia w książce Córa Syjonu, postrzegają go jako pełnego zrozumienia towarzysza podróży i partnera dialogu ekumenicznego. Niezachwiana katolicka postawa Ratzingera/Benedykta w połączeniu z przemyślaną egzegezą kanoniczną czyni go cennym partnerem dialogu z tymi protestantami, którzy wykazują podobne do niego zaangażowanie na rzecz swojego Kościoła i teologii po drugiej stronie sporu zapoczątkowanego w okresie reformacji.

EN

This paper presents a trend among some traditional Protestant theologians to regard Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI as a sympathetic fellow-traveller and ecumenical dialogue partner, focusing on his implementation of the texts of the Second Vatican Council throughout his career, his unique approach to ecumenical dialogue, and his biblical focus when defending the Immaculate Conception in Daughter Zion. His robust Catholic commitment coupled with his thoughtful canonical exegesis makes him a valuable dialogue partner with those Protestants who have similar ecclesial and theological commitments on the other side of the Reformation.

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2 Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

1 Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

1 Historia Slavorum Occidentis

1 Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny

2 Bela Z.

1 Michalska-Górecka P.

1 Nekvapil L.

1 Perry T.

1 2023

1 2018

3 2016

Od ewangelika do protestanta. Dzieje leksemów w polszczyźnie

A Contribution to the Question of Marcin Siennik’s Nationality

Confessional politics and secret non-Catholicism in the Czech Lands in the 18th century

Przyczynek do sprawy narodowości Marcina Siennika

Joseph Ratzinger: Evangelical Ecumenist or How to Argue With a Traditional Protestant Over the Immaculate Conception