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Typologie saských náboženských vlivů a jejich projevů u evangelických obyvatel severočeského příhraničí v 19. století

100%

Zeman V.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

2012

vol. 99

issue 4

427-444

The Patent of Toleration of the year 1781 cleared the way for activities of two Protestant churches in the Habsburg Monarchy. In the two borderland regions chosen for analysis - the regions of Děčín and Šluknov - the Protestant inhabitants were affected by the religious influences from Saxony that acquired various forms. From the period before the year 1620 there was, exceptionally, preserved the Lutheran religion, whose followers visited churches on the Saxon side of the border. Also, the regions were continuously settled by Saxon immigrants who were not organized within the structures of the Augsburg confession. Only after the commencement of industrialization and the subsequent wave of Saxon immigration was made possible the establishment of independent Protestant choirs. Absolutely exceptional was the Lutheran choir of Saxon officials in Podmokly that was founded after railroad had been finished in 1851. Already before the year 1850 the mission of the renewed Unity of Brethren from Herrnhut instigated the popular religious movement. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century, religious propaganda of the movement „Away from Rome“ (Los von Rom), in many cases supported from Saxony, found response in these regions. The typology of religious influences from Saxony and their manifestations on the Bohemian side of the border, established on the basis of the examples of Děčín and Šluknov regions, could be used for the nineteenth century also for other borderland regions inhabited predominantly by German-speaking population.

Problematyka małżeństw mieszanych katolicko-ewangelickich oraz konwersje na Mazurach w latach 1850–1960

38%

Kasprzycki E., Dolnośląska Szkoła Wyższa P. C.

Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej

2013

vol. 2

A church reform introduced in East Prussia in 1525 brought the change of current religious relationships. In place of catholic Church the new Lutheran confession was officially introduced. To the half of the 19th century mixed marriages and mutual conversions have rarely appeared. Only in the 19th century, along with numerical height of the catholic community this problem started appearing more often. Analysis of statistical datas from the end of the 19th age and the 20th beginning are showing that such marriages have more often been contained in the Lutheran Church, and that the children were also being raised mainly in this faith. Also the balance of mutual conversions was advantageous for the Lutheran Church. Therefore in connecting to the roman catholic Church the Lutheran Church did not only lose, but even attracted new faithful. After the Second World War Lutherans became minority faith. Because of dislike from authorities and intolerance from new catholic settlers, Lutherans tried to avoid mixed marriages. If it already reached them, in general the marriage ceremony and baptism of children took place at the Roman Catholic Church. Sometimes occurred that the Lutherans on Masuria made conversion to Catholic faith right before entering into marriage with the Catholic. To the end of the fiftieth years mixed marriages constituted the little percent contained in both churches of marriage ceremonies. If to add the high birth rate in Masuria families, a statement that the mixed marriages and conversions to Catholicism did not have a direct effect to the demographic situation of the Lutheran Church on Masuria will be entitled. Clearly negative consequences of catholic – Lutheran marriages turned up only at the more late period. Taking the mentioned subject matter was aimed at introducing to the issue of the interrelation the evangelical and catholic community on Masuria. These issues have always aroused great emotions, especially when it was direct confrontation of representatives of both religious groups. Particularly when containing mixed marriages and associated with them conversions reached situations, in which both Churches accused each other mutually against the proselytism and the religious intolerance. It seems that It was a long-lasting element of the mutual coexistence, evangelicals and Catholics which with special power appeared in the first post-war years. Also in late years the interrelation was not also deprived of difficult and dramatic moments.

Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia problematyki współistnienia dwóch społeczności wyznaniowych na terenie Mazur na przełomie XIX i XX w. Szczególnej analizie poddane zostaną małżeństwa mieszane, zawierane przez przedstawicieli obydwu społeczności oraz związane z tym zjawisko zmiany wyznania (konwersji). Celem autora jest uchwycenie zmian we wzajemnych ewangelicko-katolickich relacjach w kontekście zmieniającej się sytuacji politycznej i demograficznej. W dalszej części podjęta zostanie próba analizy socjologicznej zachodzących zjawisk i ich wpływu na rozpad społeczności ewangelickich Mazurów.

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1 Studia z Geografii Politycznej i Historycznej

1 Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

1 Dolnośląska Szkoła Wyższa P. C.

1 Kasprzycki E.

1 Zeman V.

1 2013

1 2012

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Typologie saských náboženských vlivů a jejich projevů u evangelických obyvatel severočeského příhraničí v 19. století

Problematyka małżeństw mieszanych katolicko-ewangelickich oraz konwersje na Mazurach w latach 1850–1960