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1

DASYMETRIC MODELLING OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION – LARGE DATA APPROACH

100%

Dmowska A.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2019

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vol. 38

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issue 1

15-27

EN

Existing resources of population data, provided by national censuses in the form of areal aggregates, have usually insufficient resolution for many practical applications. Dasymetric modelling has been a standard technique to disaggregate census aggregates into finer grids. Although dasymetric modelling of population distribution is well-established, most literature focuses on proposing new variants of the technique, while only few are devoted to developing broad-scale population grids that could be used for real-life applications. This paper reviews literature on construction of broad-scale population grids using dasymetric modelling. It also describes an R implementation of fully automated framework to calculate such grids from aggregated data provided by national censuses. The presented implementation has been used to produce high resolution, multi-year comparable, U.S.-wide population datasets that are the part of the SocScape (Social Landscape) project.

2

Cluster analysis with clusterSim computer program and R environment

100%

Walesiak M., Chair of Department of Econometrics and Computer Science W. U. o. E.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2008

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vol. 216

EN

The article presents auxiliary functions of clusterSim package (see Walesiak & Dudek (2006)) and selected functions of packages stats, cluster, and ade4, which are applied to solving clustering problems. In addition, the examples of the procedures for solving different clustering problems are presented. These procedures, which are not available in statistical packages (SPSS, Statistica, SAS), can help solving a broad range of classification problems.

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowano funkcje pomocnicze pakietu clusterSim oraz wybrane funkcje pakietów stats, cluster i ade4 służące zagadnieniu analizy skupień. Ponadto zaprezentowano przykładowe procedury, wykorzystujące analizowane funkcje, ułatwiające potencjalnemu użytkownikowi realizację wielu zagadnień klasyfikacyjnych niedostępnych w podstawowych pakietach statystycznych (np. SPSS, Statistica, SAS).

3

Analiza symulacyjna stabilności rankingów otrzymanych metodą promethee w warunkach niepewności z wykorzystaniem R

89%

Namieciński P.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 235

169-181

PL

Preferencje decydenta określane są w metodzie PROMETHEE za pomocą wag. Dokładne określenie ich wartości nastręcza jednak znacznych trudności, przez co wprowadzany jest czynnik niepewności względem ostatecznych rankingów. W artykule tym badany jest wpływ losowych zaburzeń wag kryteriów na stabilność rankingów w zależności od struktury wyjściowej macierzy ocen porównywanych obiektów. W tym celu przeprowadzone zostały trzy eksperymenty symulacyjne przy użyciu specjalnie przygotowanego pakietu R. Wyniki badań wykazały, że im silniej skorelowane są ze sobą kryteria ocen, tym ostateczne rankingi są mniej wrażliwe na wahania wartości wag. Dodatkowo wykazano brak statystycznych zależności pomiędzy doborem obiektów a stabilnością rankingów metody PROMETHEE.

EN

The way how decision-maker’s preferences are described is the one of most important source of uncertainty in PROMETHEE method. In this paper analyzed how random disruption of weights influence on stability of complete ranking. Stochastic simulation was used. Computations was made in R. The results shows dependency between stability and structure of evaluation matrix. If criteria was more correlated each other, stability was higher. Moreover, there was no statistical evidence on dependency between stability and correlation of objects.

4

Synergia badań społecznych, analiz statystycznych i nowych technologii – nowe możliwości i zastosowania

87%

Wais K.

Nauka i Szkolnictwo Wyższe

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2013

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issue 1(41)

203-216

EN

New technologies consistently and inevitably changing our reality. It also occurs due to increasing quantities of generated data and its new types. A large part of that data is a valuable product, suitable for use in analytical and research projects. Especially Internet technologies have great potential conducive to the development of social research. There are also developing widely available statistical and analytical tools. The problem that remains is the lack of highly qualified and interdisciplinary educated analysts and researchers. This applies particularly to those who freely combine IT and programming competences with analytical and statistical skills and with a deep, humanistic understanding of social problems. However, there are already examples of successful combination of new technology and statistical methods in the service of social studies, that have a huge potential in providing key data for the purpose of conducting innovative research and development of evidence-based policies.

PL

Nowe technologie w konsekwentny i nieunikniony sposób zmieniają otaczającą nas rzeczywistość. Następuje to również dzięki coraz większym ilościom generowanych danych i ich nowym rodzajom. Duża część z tych danych jest wartościowym produktem, nadającym się do wykorzystania w projektach analitycznych i badawczych. Ogromnym potencjałem sprzyjającym rozwojowi badań społecznych dysponują zwłaszcza technologie internetowe. Rozwijają się również szeroko dostępne narzędzia analityczno-statystyczne. Problemem pozostaje jednak brak wysoko wykwalifikowanych, interdyscyplinarnie wykształconych analityków i badaczy. Dotyczy to szczególnie takich, którzy swobodnie łączą kompetencje informatyczno-programistyczne z umiejętnościami analityczno-statystycznymi i głębokim, humanistycznym rozumieniem problemów społecznych. Można jednak wskazać już przykłady udanego połączenia nowych technologii i metod statystycznych w służbie badań społecznych, które niosą ze sobą ogromny potencjał w dostarczeniu danych kluczowych z punktu widzenia potrzeb prowadzenia innowacyjnych badań naukowych i tworzenia polityk publicznych opartych na danych.

5

Stulecie zdobycia południowego bieguna Ziemi

75%

Köhler P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2013

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vol. 58

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issue 2

57-75

EN

The turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is a period of intensive research on Antarctica. It was during this period that the South Pole was attained. There were four expeditions which attempted to reach the South Pole: 1. The British National Antarctic Expedition, (1901-1904), on the ship "Discovery", was led by Robert Falcon Scott (1868-1912). The British tried to reach as far south as possible and on December 31, 1902 they reached 82 °17'S. 2. The British Antarctic Expedition (1907-1909) on the ship "Nimrod", led by Ernest Shackleton. On January 9, 1909 the expedition reached 88 °23'S. 3.The Norwegian expedition on the ship "Fram" (1911-1912), led by Roald Amundsen (1872-1928). Amundsen and Olav Bjaaland (1873-1961), Oscar Listing (1871-1936), Helmer Hanssen (1870-1956) and Sverre Hassel (1876-1928) on December 14, 1911 were the first to reach the geographic South Pole. 4. Scott's expedition on the ship "Terra Nova" (1911-1913). The expedition to the South Pole began on November 1, 1911. Scott, Henry R. Bowers (1883-1912), Edgar Evans (1876-1912), Lawrence Oates (1880-1912) and Edward A. Wilson (1872-1912) reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912. They all died on their way back. The participants of all expeditions led to attain the South Pole carried out observations, collected various samples and conducted scientific observations. Afterwards, the collected data and objects were compiled scientifically, sometimes for many years on. During that time, the following, among other, was discovered: the shelf character of Ross Ice Shelf, the Taylor Valley (the first of the snow-free Antarctic "oases"), setting up the basic stratigraphy of the Victoria Land mountains, about 40 thousand various geological and biological specimens were brought home, the latter belonged to more than 2,000 species of plants and animals, among which, more than 400 were species new to science.

6

Brand position in the eyes of customers: assessment of selected airlines by the passengers' online reviews

63%

Hoffmann N.

Catallaxy

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2022

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vol. 7

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issue 1

7-21

EN

Motivation: The motivation to write an article on airlines was the desire to rank them based on customer reviews and see how these reviews reflect the actual brand image. The opinions that companies collect about themselves have a very strong power when it comes to building its reputation. Aim: The aim of the study was to use digital transformation and transform raw data into specific information that expressed customer emotions to create a profile of selected airlines. A secondary goal of the article was also to check how the analyzed airlines perform in similar areas. Materials and methods: The data used for the analysis was collected from the eSky.com website and covers the 2019-2020 period. The airlines concerned by the customer reviews were LOT, Ryanair, Wizzair, Czarter, EasyJet, Lufthansa and Laudamotion. Their selection was dictated by the number of opinions necessary to conduct the analysis. The research based on the use of data mining techniques, but it should be noted that most of it uses text mining tools. Topic modelling was used to prepare the data properly and assign each word to groups with similar themes. In order to obtain information whether a given opinion has a positive, negative or neutral tenor, sentiment analysis was used. The final part of the analysis was based on the net sentiment score indicator. The entire analysis was carried out in the R-Studio. Results: The most common subjects of opinions written by customers were "delay", "service", "boarding" and "airline". It was confirmed that the opinions of each airline concern different topics, although some common topics were noticeable. Two topics were repeated among the 7 analyzed airlines: "service" and "delay". Based on the sentiment analysis, for the Ryanair airline the percentage of negative opinions was highest and equal to 35%, almost 40%, of neutral opinions fell on the WizzAir airline and the largest percentage of positive feedback, as much as 46%, was attributed to EasyJet. EasyJet line looks the best in the eyes of customers. The line that evoked uniformly positive, negative and neutral emotions in the opinions was Ryanair.

7

It’s Raining Immigrants! HELLelujah!: The Metaphors of Immigration in Early American Magazines (1828–1959)

63%

Anna R.-H.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2020

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issue 29/2

EN

Stemming from a conviction that the same phenomenon can be construed differently by different cognisers, metaphors used “reflect[ing] and effect[ing] underlying construal operations which are ideological in nature” (Hart 2011, 2), the present paper investigates how the conceptualisation and linguistic construction of IMMIGRANTS changed over time, forwarding a convenient representation of reality. To that end, the study marries the Cognitive Linguistic approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (Charteris-Black 2004; Hart 2010; 2011; 2015) with the multifactorial usage-feature analysis (Glynn 2010). The results have shown that in the times of increased migration IMMIGRANTS were objectified, their otherness foregrounded through appropriate discursive strategies and topoi. Curbing immigration in later periods contributed to an observable shift in the linguistic representation of the immigrant out-group.

8

Positivism Buried Alive? In Defence of Inclusive Legal Positivism

51%

Dyrda A.

Studia Prawnicze

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2010

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issue 2(184)

5-36

EN

The efforts taken by the "soft" (inclusive) positivists (H.L.A. Hart's followers, ie. J. Coleman, W. Waluchow, M. Kramer, K. E. Himma) to defend the legal positivist position (the separability thesis, the social sources thesis) are combined with theoretical references to the moral arguments which are present in judicial practice. Therefore, the inclusive positivists treat the relationship between law and morality as a contingent relationship and try to justify it on the basis of the system’s overriding rule of recognition. This position, as an attempt to find the "golden mean" in theory of law, is criticized both by non-positivists and "hard" positivists. For instance, R. Dworkin or L. Morawski claim that, despite its declarations, soft positivism actually does not respond to the requirements of modern legal practice and is a "degenerated" and stagnant research program. On the other hand, J. Raz contends that due to the incorporation of morality, soft positivism is no longer a real positivism. The article presents a defense of soft positivism, especially against its non-positivistic critics, as well as a version of soft positivism, which can be called a "constructive" one (V. Villa). It also shows that soft positivism, as being consistent with the "spirit" of positivism and complying with the requirements of the present judicial practice, may be justified by reference to postmodern thinking.

9

Analityczna epistemologia religii ostatnich pięciu dekad

38%

Pepliński M.

Filo-Sofija

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2011

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vol. 11

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issue 4(15)

919-938

EN

There are three chief aims of the paper. First, it presents in short the beginning of the analytic philosophy of religion, its development, issues, and methods. Second, it puts forward a hypothesis that in the last five decades analytic philosophy of religion has been dominated by the epistemological paradigm, i.e. in most cases, any problem in question has been studied as part of the general problem of rationality of religious belief. That situation is changing slowly towards achieving more balance between the issues of epistemology of religion and those concerned with philosophical theology. Third, the paper provides criteria for the classification of the different ways to understand the rationality of religious belief: the rationalistic and evidentialist approach, the natural theology approach, the Wittgensteinian fideism and Reformed epistemology approaches. A brief description of each of those four positions in epistemology of religion is included.

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1 Chair of Department of Econometrics and Computer Science W. U. o. E.

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