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The relationship between evolution of sovereignty concept and reaction to serious human rights infringements

100%
Kościółek J.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2012
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vol. X
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issue 2
21-29
EN
One of the most prevalent features of contemporary international relations system is erosion of sovereignty concept leading to human rights protection priority and humanitarian intervention enactment acceptability. Sovereignty in its modern approach is understood as state obligation and responsibility to secure welfare for its citizens and it refers to effective governance. It is assumed that individual interests outweigh interests of the state, though the sovereignty exception cannot be raised as defense against the necessity of intervention in the case of basic human rights breach. At this point sovereignty means the state responsibility for the wellbeing of its citizens. It led to Responsibility to Protect project arising from the debate on association between independence and use of force and human rights protection. The doctrine embedded in this project brought very good reception within international community and was designed to establish criteria for the scripts of international reaction to armed conflicts and genocide, ethnic atrocities and war crimes prevention. Nevertheless, discussion around informal (mostly moral) prerequisites to use force in reaction to serious human rights infringements did not lead to creation of consistent system of intervention on international level.
2
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The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the Problem of Political Will

88%
Lea-Henry J.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2018
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vol. 3 (47)
553-570
EN
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) was created in the hope of overcoming the barrier that state sovereignty, as a principle, had become to actions of humanitarian intervention. It was imagined that as mass atrocity crimes were coming to the attention of the international community, that, on the whole, they were willing, able and eager to intervene in order to stop the violence in question. Holding them back was sovereignty as both a legal and normative barrier. This was always a bad explanation for the pervasive lack of humanitarian intervention; accordingly R2P, as a bad solution, has failed almost entirely. The problem is, and always has been, that when faced with mass atrocity crimes, the international community is plagued by a near-permanent lack of political will to action.
3
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Laying Bare: Agamben, Chandler, and The Responsibility to Protect

88%
Quigley G., University of Toronto, Gabriel Quigley recently completed his MA in Comparative Literature from the University of Toronto. Gabriel has written several publications on the topics of translation and postmodernity. His research interests include deconstruction t. t.
Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre
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2015
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vol. 3
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issue 2
EN
This paper demonstrates the hidden similarities between Raymond Chandler’s prototypical noir The Big Sleep, and the United Nations Responsibility to Protect (R2P) document. By taking up the work of philosopher Giorgio Agamben, this paper shows that the bare life produces the form of protection embodied by Philip Marlowe in Chandler’s novel and by the United Nations Security Council in R2P. Agamben’s theorizing of the extra-legal status of the sovereign pertains to both texts, in which the protector exists outside of the law. Philip Marlowe, tasked with preventing the distribution of pornographic images, commits breaking-and-entering, withholding evidence, and murder. Analogously, R2P advocates for the Security Council’s ability to trespass laws that safeguard national sovereignty in order to prevent “bare” atrocities against human life. As Agamben demonstrates, the extra-legal position of the protector is made possible by “stripping bare” human life. This paper also gestures towards limitations of Agamben’s thought by indicating, through a comparison of these two texts, that bare life produces states of exception as the object of protection rather than punishment.
4
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Legal Preconditions for Armed Intervention in the Responsibility to Protect Concept: Remarks de lege lata and de lege ferenda

71%
Kowalski W.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2023
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vol. 32
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issue 1
159-189
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza prawnych uwarunkowań interwencji zbrojnej w ramach koncepcji „odpowiedzialności za ochronę” (Responsibility to Protect, R2P). Autor przedstawił i ocenił skuteczność podejmowania działań wojskowych w jej ramach. Należy podkreślić, że zbrojny aspekt koncepcji R2P nie był szeroko analizowany w doktrynie. Autor omówił kwestie skuteczności interwencji wojskowej na przykładzie operacji „Odyssey Dawn” i „Unified Protector” w Libii w 2011 r. Odniósł się także do koncepcji zastosowania mechanizmu interwencji wojskowej w Syryjskiej Republice Arabskiej po 2011 r. W tekście wskazano, że największą słabością koncepcji interwencji zbrojnej w ramach mechanizmu R2P jest ogólnikowość i niejasność jej form realizacji. W kontekście interwencji wojskowej w Libii, do której doszło w wyniku braku weta ze strony któregoś ze stałych członków Rady Bezpieczeństwa, autor wykazał, że jakkolwiek zastosowanie formuły interwencji wojskowej w ramach modelu R2P jest wciąż możliwe, to uzasadnione jest także założenie, iż w najbliższym czasie w zbliżonej sytuacji stali członkowie Rady Bezpieczeństwa skorzystają z prawa weta.
EN
The purpose of the article is to analyse the legal conditions of armed intervention under the concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P). The author presented and assessed the effectiveness of undertaking military actions within its framework. It should be emphasized that the armed aspect of the R2P concept has not been broadly analysed in the doctrine. The author discussed the issues of the effectiveness of military intervention on the example of the “Odyssey Dawn” and “Unified Protector” operations in Libya in 2011. He also referred to the concept of applying the military intervention mechanism to the Syrian Arab Republic after 2011. The text indicates that the greatest weakness is the generality of the concept of armed intervention within the R2P concept and the vagueness of its forms of implementation. In the context of the military intervention in Libya, which occurred as a result of the lack of veto by one of the permanent members of the Security Council, the author showed that although the use of the formula of military intervention under the R2P model is possible, it is also reasonable to assume that in the near future in a similar situation, the permanent members of the Security Council will exercise their right of veto.
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