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EN
The essay concentrates on re-Catholicization of Bohemian towns in the 1620s. The authors describe the administrative component of a pressure applied to change the confession of predominantly non-Catholic population, particularly administrative processes that acquired significant individual elements over the researched period. The pressure involved registers on the town citizens’ confession, which were used as a source/base for an ensuing re-Catholicization process. The sekond individual element regarded personal negotiations with the still non-Catholic burghers and other citizens, which were managed by various power authorities active in royal or manorial towns.
EN
The essay is concerned with the Prague archbishopric, which was closely related to the territorial origin and birthplace of clergymen as well as their ethnic origin, or more precisely their native tongue or a language that the individual clergymen used besides Latin; we must remember that many clergymen were bi-lingual. The archiepiscopal consistory heeded the language skills of the clergymen and used the potential knowledge of their future workplace when filling vacancies in benefices, thus creating favourable conditions for the respective parish administrators’ efficiency in influencing the population and better execution of their missions.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2023
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
56 -70
EN
Benedict Kišdy (Kisdy, Kisdi, Kischdy), bishop of Eger and an important figure in the re-catholicization of north-eastern Hungary, is one of the most important figures in the history of Košice in the early modern period. Kišdy’s most memorable activity was the founding of the University of Košice, which had a long-term impact on the cultural and intellectual development of the city beyond the first intention of its founder, i.e. re-catholicization. The present study analyses the place of Kišdy in historiography from the time of the Jesuits and the possibilities of using the biographical method in the case of Benedict Kišdy. An important role in Kišdy’s life was played by his attitude towards Peter Pázmaň, Jesuits and Franciscans. The theoretical question of Kišdy’s place among the most important personalities in the history of Košice is raised, which is partly answered by the still vivid commemoration and places of remembrance connected with Kišdy.
EN
The study presents the results of new research on the relationship between the towns and the monarch or the state in the period of re-Catholicization, especially in the second half of the 17th century. At the parliament of 1604, the Hungarian aristocracy already protested against the Rudolfine Counter-Reformation and there was also strong opposition in the free royal boroughs. The argumentation was based on the statement that according to Hungarian general law, the towns 'do not belong to the king but to the crown'. At first, re-Catholicization efforts were hindered by a lack of qualified, educated and propertied Catholics, who could hold office in the towns. There was a similar problem with appointment of parish priests in the towns. The author corrects the familiar statements, especially of older historiography, which identified the Reformation with the national party and the Catholic side with the Habsburgs, the Vienna court and the Hungarian Catholic 'anti-nationally' oriented nobility, and points to the complexity of the problem, and to the fact that the economic decline of the early modern towns is not a logical result of the weakened authority of town administrations, but of a whole complex of influences.
EN
The article analyses the literary image of forcible re-Catholicization and maps its perception against the background of the confessionally determined reception of the historical novel 'Odkaz mrtvych' (Message from the Dead). The reception of Razus' novel was influenced by Protestant and Catholic historical memory, which included the images of the bad Jesuits or the good Jesuits. The stereotype of the bad Jesuits was updated and politically exploited in the conditions of the totalitarian 'Ludak regime'. Thus the novel contributed to strengthening anti-regime views in some segments of the reading public.
EN
The article analyses the literary image of forcible re-Catholicization and maps its perception against the background of the confessional determined reception of the historical novel Odkaz mŕtvych (Message from the Dead). The reception of Rázus’ novel was influenced by Protestant and Catholic historical memory, which included the images of the bad Jesuits or the good Jesuits. The stereotype of the bad Jesuits was updated and politically exploited in the conditions of the totalitarian Ľudák regime. Thus the novel contributed to strengthening anti-regime views in some segments of the reading public.
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