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THE EFFECT OF THE DEGREE OF LOYALTY AND RELATEDNESS ON DISCOUNTING HYPOTHETICAL MONEY GAINS (Wplyw stopnia lojalnosci i pokrewienstwa na dyskontowanie hipotetycznych nagrod pienieznych)

100%

Osinski J. T.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

2008

vol. 18

71-86

The term social discounting refers to the decrease of a subjective value of a reward to be shared with one or more people compared to a reward exclusive to an individual. Similarly to temporal and probabilistic discounting, this process can have an adaptive function. Based on Trivers' reciprocal altruism and Hamilton's inclusive fitness theories, the following hypotheses were formulated: (1) there should be discounting relative to the degree of a partner's loyalty, i.e. the subjective value of a resource to be shared with another person should decrease as that person's loyalty decreases; (2) the rate of social discounting relative to the partner's loyalty should be lower for relatives than for unrelated recipients; (3) the rate of social discounting should be negatively correlated with agreeableness; (4) the rate of social discounting when sharing with an unrelated person should be negatively correlated with neuroticism; (5) there should be a positive correlation between the rate of social and probabilistic discounting. In order to verify these hypotheses, we measured the rate of social discounting in 200 subjects aged 18-53 years. The results confirmed hypotheses one, two, and three.

Droga do moralności

88%

Zarosa U.

Filo-Sofija

2012

vol. 12

issue 1(16)

213-224

The theory of reciprocal altruism, which has become an important breakthrough in the discussion on the origins of morality, raises the question of the foundations of ethics. It also poses many problems, such as the question of determinism and relativity of moral norms. This article tries to explain how the moral sense has become part of our biological endowment. It subjects to critical analysis the theory of Richard Joyce who seeks foundations of ethics in normative reasons. It also recalls Peter Singer’s reflections on sociobiology and the beginnings of ethical thought showing the way of a possible transformation that has taken place from our empathy to relatives or a group, to the moral code which rejects different forms of discrimination.

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1 Filo-Sofija

1 Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

1 Osinski J. T.

1 Zarosa U.

1 2012

1 2008

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THE EFFECT OF THE DEGREE OF LOYALTY AND RELATEDNESS ON DISCOUNTING HYPOTHETICAL MONEY GAINS (Wplyw stopnia lojalnosci i pokrewienstwa na dyskontowanie hipotetycznych nagrod pienieznych)

Droga do moralności