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1

ANDREAS OSIANDER STARŠÍ – JEDEN Z TEORETIKOV REFORMÁCIE

100%
Jakubej J.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2013
|
vol. 17
|
issue 2
171 – 177
EN
Although he did not achieve a degree in theology, Andreas Osiander was very educated man. During years 1520 – 1548 he lived and worked in Norimberg and in following three years (1549 - 1552) in Königsberg. In his scripts he repeatedly appealed to conciliation between Christians and Jews. He is translator of Vulgata and other important scripts. His doctrine of justification was rejected in 1566. He was interested in astronomy and mathematics. On the other hand, his contemporaries often mentioned his abrasive behaviour.
2

Reformacyjny dyskurs schwenckfeldian i pruskich luteranów 1524/1525-1544 (cz. 1)

80%
Wąs G.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2012
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vol. 67
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issue 2
39–53
EN
The exchange of viewpoints between Silesian-Prussian Schwenckfeldians and Lutherans in Prussia lasted since 1525 till 1544. It was a part of the discourse undertaken by reformational communities about the need for reform of the church and its religious direction. Both sides put forth their views and arguments supporting their religious stance. This article shows the family relations between the princes Fredrick II of Legnica and Albert of Prussia, this relation helped to establish contact between those circles. Political ties and the issue of ideological consensus regarding support for reformational changes are also under discussion here. The earliest indication of contact between them is dated at spring 1522 and the most intense expression of said contacts would be the diplomatic involvement of Fredrick II, representing Albert of Prussia, in negotiations with the Polish King regarding the Prussian fief during the 1524-1525 period. When in June 1525 the Prussian bishop Paul Speratus initiated contacts the reformation in Legnica was already moving into new phase, the “Schwenckfeldian reformation”, this happened due to influence of Kaspar von Schwenckfeld. This author’s focus then moved to the exchange of opinions via mail during phase one of the discourse (1525-1528). Schwenckfeld engaged in the exchange from Legnica while Speratus from Prussia. Schwenkfeld also mailed Albrecht directly. He referenced their conversations from 1524-1525, regarding the reformation of the Church, explaining the meaning of changes he introduced. Altogether thirteen letters, along with appended treaties became the subject of analysis.
3
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THE BEGINNINGS OF POLISH HYMNOLOGY: EPHRAIM OLOFF AND HIS 'POLNISCHE LIEDERGESCHICHTE' (Poczatki polskiej hymnologii: Ephraim Oloff i jego 'Polnische Liedergeschichte')

80%
Wieczorek R.
Muzyka
|
2007
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vol. 52
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issue 4(207)
75-94
EN
The monumental 'Polnische Liedergeschichte' by Ephraim Oloff (1685-1735), an erudite from Torun and a Polish-German pastor of Dutch origin, provides the first synthesis of Polish church song and also one of the first syntheses of church songs generally. Modern hymnology owes to him the knowledge of many cantional prints from various faiths (Catholic, Lutheran, Arian, Calvinist), which are lost to us today and which were published in the territory of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania at that time, as well as those from Silesia and the Duchy of Prussia. His treatment of the church song as a component of 'practical theology' precedes the development of hymnology as a theological discipline in its own right. Oloff's work also provides important evidence for the penetration of song repertory beyond the boundaries of faiths, providing the foundation for research into the links between Polish and German songs.
4

Reformacyjny dyskurs schenckfeldian i pruskich luteranów 1524/1525-1544 (cz. 2)

80%
Wąs G.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
|
2012
|
vol. 67
|
issue 3
3–19
EN
The article concerns the further history of religious discourse between the Silesian-Prussian Schwenckfeldians and Lutherans after 1529 in Prussia, other reformation circles joined in it as well. The arrival of duke Fredrick von Heydeck, a close political associate of Albert of Prussia, in the Legnica duchy in 1529 happened at an important stage. While in Silesia, Heydeck adopted the Schwenckfeldian spiritualism and, upon his return to Prussia in 1530, he arrived with Schwenckfeldian clerics, inviting them to take over parishes of his counties, Lötzen and Johannisburg in Prussia. That caused a vivid reaction of Pomesania bishop Speratus, who in June 1531 summoned those clerics to the Synod at Rastenburg for the purpose of asking them questions about the principles of their faith. Some of them, such as Peter Zanker and Georg Landmesser, put their declarations of faith in written form. In December 1531 duke Albert summoned both the most important among the Lutheran clergy and the key followers of Prussian Schwenckfeldian spiritualism. The latter were supported in the issue of the Rastenburg meeting by a cleric from Legnica, Fabian Eckel. Due to Duke Albert’s refusal to publically condemn the Schwenckfeldians, bishop Speratus was not pleased with these talks. He requested Martin Luther’s intervention. In 1532 he sent a public letter to the duke. This provoked a response from the clerics of Zurich, who joined in on the religious dispute in Prussia, sending Albrecht a letter-treaty from Heinrich Bullinger. The Schwenckfeldian movement in Prussia started to die out in 1535. Among the reasons were Heydeck’s death and change in duke’s religious policy, resulting from mounting internal difficulties relating to the political consolidation of the Prussian states.
5
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The Widow's Capital. The Situation of Pastors' Widows in the Pomeranian Church at the Turn of the Sixteenth Century

80%
Ptaszynski M.
Kwartalnik Historyczny
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2005
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vol. 112
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issue 1
5-52
EN
The intention of the article is to determine the status of the woman in modern times upon the example of a group of pastors' widows in Pomerania at the turn of the sixteenth century. The author proposed a thesis claiming that the widows enjoyed considerable impact upon appointments to the posts left vacant by their late spouses, and themselves sought future candidates for husbands. The pastors' correspondence, consistorial and synodal documents, and Church agenda constitute the main source material. In consecutive parts of his work, the author analysed the changing legal situation of the pastors' wives and widows - groups which emerged together with the Reformation, and whose status underwent dynamic transformations in the course of the sixteenth century. He went on to examine the implementation of resolutions concerning widows' privileges in Pomerania prior to the establishment of the widows' fund: (1690) the 'Gnadenjahr', lifelong residence (freie Wohnung), pension, and 'Konservierung', i. e. remarriage to a new pastor. Owing to insufficient regulations and the clashing interests of members of the pastors' families, communities and new pastors, the fate of the widows was indissolubly linked with assorted conflicts. While inquiring into the range of the independence enjoyed by the widows, the author, by following the example of P. Bourdieu, formulated the thesis that it depended upon the women's social capital. The latter involved natural factors, such as age (the probability of remarriage radically diminished for women older than 60), beauty, and fertility. The social factors included the respect enjoyed by the widow and her husband within the parish, and the network of contacts established during the pastor's lifetime; cultural factors encompassed, e g. the ability to manage a household. An essential role was also played by the financial situation of the widow, whose money guaranteed independence and attracted new candidates. The high status of the pastors' widow argues in favour of a thesis about the improved situation of women in the wake of the Reformation. The sole reservation pertains to the fact that the privileged status was frequently limited to the 'Gnadenjahr', and that remarriage was an extremely attractive and highly desired alternative; nonetheless, it must be stressed that the social role performed by the the pastors' widow offered women a new field of activity, of which women in the Roman Catholic Church were deprived. The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Pomeranian duchies constitute an excellent area for research, in which the rights and liberties of the widows remain conspicuous against the backdrop of other lands of the Reich.
6
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The Ideas of Western Reformation

80%
Mrozek-Dumanowska A.
Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies
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2011
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issue 26
73-85
EN
The present-day Islamic reformatory movement keeps sometimes striking similarities with historical ideas presented already on the ground of different religions. It finds its reference also in the convergence of ideas and slogans of contemporary reformists of Islam with the European Christian Reformation introduced in the West as early as in 16th century. The purpose of this paper is aimed at analyzing how the ideas and postulates of Western Reformation coincide with modern Islamic renovation movements.
7
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Wokół Stołu Pańskiego – sakramentalne dziedzictwo Reformacji

70%
Sojka J.
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
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2012
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vol. 6
197-211
EN
The Lutheran understanding of Lord’s Supper, formed in course of the 16th century arguments, is an important heritage present in today’s reflection of Lutheranism worldwide. Its main outline can be observed based on the most commonly acknowledged Symbolical Books: Luther's Small Catechism and Augsburg Confession, as well as Martin Luther’s early sermon The Blessed Sacrament of the Holy and True Body of Christ, and the Brotherhoods (1519). Among them are: the Lord’s Supper as nota ecclesiae (Mark of the Church), confirma¬tion of body and blood’s presence in bread and wine, salvation as benefit of the sacrament, as well as communion built among those approaching the sac¬rament. In the reflection of the Lutheran World Federation (LWF), the biggest confessional organisation of Lutheranism, Lord’s Supper as nota ecclesiae (Augsburg Confession, art. VII) has a special significance. This article shapes LWF’s ecclesiological self-understanding (introducing pulpit and altar fellow¬ship in LWF, LWF as a communio of churches). The unity model from art. VII also influences Lutheran ecumenical engagement (the model of unity in rec¬onciled diversity, Leuenberg Agreement). The LWF also started a debate on sufficiency of the notae ecclesiae from art. VII, which were also an important argument in the ongoing debates (e.g. concerning worship). The interpreta¬tion of body and blood’s presence in the sacrament is a challenge for LWF’s theological reflexion, while remaining a reference point defining the meaning of a sacrament (e.g. in the context of mission and diaconia). In the LWF’s debate, as sacrament’s benefits, next to salvation, appear: communion, strengthening to everyday life of a Christian, healing. Reflexion on the Lord’s Supper became also an impulse for ethical consideration, both in context of unity of the church (the problem of apartheid in Lutheran churches of the Republic of South Africa), and critical view of economic ethics.
8

TLAČE 16. STOROČIA V ARCHÍVE GEMERSKÉHO SENIORÁTU E.C.A.V. V REVÚCEJ

70%
Jakubej J.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2013
|
vol. 17
|
issue 1
69 – 81
EN
Following article describes circs in Gemer bishopric since the moment of acceptance of the reformation up to the closing of the Satmar agreement (1526 - 1711). 31 prints dated into the 16th century were discovered to this day in the Archive of Gemer bishopric of Evangelical Church of the Augsburg confession in Revúca. Following article publishes information about printers, places where was books printed, their languages or the decade, form which these volumes are.
9
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Czech w Stambule i co z tego wynikło – Václav Budovec z Budova (1551–1621) i jego Antialkorán

70%
Dziekan M.
Bohemistyka
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2013
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vol. 13
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issue 2
123 - 149
EN
The article is devoted to Václav Budovec of Budov, a prominent representative of the Czech Reformation, political and religious activist and writer, denouncing the various important issues of his time. The main point of this article is his work Antialkorán, published in 1614 in which Václav wants to present Islam to the Czech reader, and on the other hand discusses various elements of Muslim doctrine. This work was created as one of the effects of Václav Budovec's residence in Turkey with the imperial delegation.
10

PRIMOZ TRUBAR (1508-1586) AND THE BEGINNINGS OF SLOVENIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE AND LITERARY CULTURE (DEDICATED TO THE 500TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH) (Primoz Trubar (1508-1586) a pociatky slovinskeho spisovneho jazyka a kniznej kultury (venovane 500. vy

70%
Vojtechova-Poklac S.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2009
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vol. 44
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issue 2
153-159
EN
Primoz Trubar is perceived by Slovenian historiography, literary history and linguistics as the father of Slovenian standard language, Slovenian literary culture and literature, and indirectly also as the father of present-day Slovenian nation and its national independency. Trubar's legacy is singular not only from the linguistic point of view, but also from the perspective of the whole Slovenian culture. Trubar was a great intellectual, a universal genius of his time, typical Renaissance man who connected national and universal European values, who was in contact with the greatest intellectual and inuential authorities of his age. Special focus is on his first works Catechismus and Abecedarium, which represent the first printed books in Slovenian literary language.
11
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NÁČRT DEJÍN BAROKOVEJ ŠKOLSKEJ HRY SPOLOČNOSTI JEŽIŠOVEJ V PREŠOVE (I)

61%
Kopas L.
ESPES
|
2013
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vol. 2
|
issue 1
61 – 69
EN
The aim of the author ́s paper is the issue of the history of Jesuit school theatre, that was developing during the years 1673 to 1773 in the highly protestant environment in the one of the most important reformation centres in Upper Hungary, namely in the independent royal city Prešov. The paper is focus on the history of Jesuit school play in Prešov in background history of Lutheran college in Prešov, that mostly in its first historical stage (1666-1711) reflected stormy struggle between Hungarian Habsburg absolutism and the estates company, that is mainly the struggle between catholic and protestant church. Immanent part of the paper is differentiation of one hundred and twenty Jesuit school plays according to individual periods of development of baroque – dramatic theatre production of Jesuits in the city of Prešov and its characterization along the lines of historical records of Jesuit chroniclers as well.
12

REFORMATIONS OF MEDIEVAL ART NEW RESEARCH ON THE CHURCH OF ST. JAMES IN LEVOČA (SLOVAKIA)

61%
Juckes T.
ARS
|
2023
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vol. 56
|
issue 2
75 - 94
EN
This article seeks new perspectives on one of Central Europe’s most important ensembles of late medieval art and architecture – the parish church of St. James in Levoča, where research on the furnishings as a system in sacred space has been hindered by the sparsity of written sources. By expanding the scope of enquiry to take in some unstudied sources from the Reformation period, it shows how a medieval topography and furnishings were retained and developed by a Lutheran congregation that proved unusually tolerant of traditional practices.
13
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EVANGELICKÉ MODLITEBNÍ KNIHY 18. A 19. STOLETÍ A ČESKÁ BIBLE

61%
Bolom-Kotari S., Bolom-Kotari M.
Konštantínove listy
|
2016
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vol. 9
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issue 2
74 – 89
EN
The article focuses on Czech handwritten prayer books of protestant provenance from the 18th and 19th century. It analyzes the form and sources of inspiration, especially the Biblical quotes, paraphrases and references. A special attention is paid to illustrations of manuscripts in relation to strict protestant requirements on visuality. According to the analysis of selected sample of prayer books, the paper represents their typical structure and typology of contained prayers. The topics of prayer books belong to wider social context, whether general – mentality and devotion of population being of non-Catholic confession; or specific – in search of “Czech national fine arts” at the Czechoslavic Ethnographic Exhibition held in 1895.
14
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Konfesijní politika šlechtických vrchností a šlechtická konfesionalizace v Čechách a na Moravě v 16. a 17. století

51%
Hrdlicka J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2010
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vol. 108
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issue 3
406-442
EN
This study attempts to observe the influence of the aristocracy on the formation of the confessional state of affairs in Bohemia and Moravia in the 16th and 17th centuries. It primarily focuses on the confessional policy of the nobility as manorial lords who were able to intervene actively and regularly in religious affairs on their estates; indeed, well over fifty per cent of the serfs in both Crown Lands lived on manorial estates. In addition to the authorities who practised religious tolerance towards their serfs (Josef Valka), other noblemen and knights actively upheld either the Reformation or the Counter-Reformation (Catholic confessionalism). In terms of the confessional policy of the manorial nobility, this study attempts to present - as a theme for discussion - the seven opportunities the nobility had at their disposal and could apply when influencing their serfs' religious practices.
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