Search results - CEJSH

1

ETHNIC SUCCESSION IN A ROMAN CATHOLIC PARISH IN AN AMERICAN TOWN

100%

Mucha J.

Etnografia Polska

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2004

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vol. 48

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issue 1-2

161-175

EN

The aim of this article is to analyze a specific case of 'ethnic succession'. This topic emerged in the social sciences in the early 1900s, within the first Chicago school (the Robert Park school). Since that time, many models of succession (drawing upon biological ecology) have been presented. In this paper, a succession in one specific field and one specific place is analyzed: an unfinished process of takeover of a Roman Catholic parish by the rapidly growing Hispanic population from the shrinking Polish American population in the West Side of South Bend in northern Indiana. This process meant also the cultural elimination of the Hungarian Americans from the 'independent' religious life in the town's quarter. In the multicultural contexts, religion is often closely related to ethnicity, and in the well-known theory authored by Milton Gordon, religion is one of three possible bases of ethnicity in American society. In the case discussed here, the two ethnic groups, Hispanics and Polish Americans, belong to the same religious denomination. Moreover, historically speaking, Roman Catholicism has been a very significant element of their ethnic identities. From the recent cultural point of view, however, these are two quite different types of Catholicism. Ethnic succession discussed in this text has important consequences for the cultural features of Catholicism in the whole town. In the article, the local Polish American community and the Hispanic community is briefly presented, and then the 'succession' problems discussed. To the extent it makes sense (and the empirical material is available), the elements of the 'process of passage' and the 'ceremony of passage', important for socio-cultural anthropology, are presented as well.

2

COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION BY RELIGION ON STATE ESTATES IN 1802

100%

Velkova A.

Historická demografie (Historical Demography)

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2005

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vol. 29

109-137

EN

This study examines the religious composition of the population on so-called state estates, which included estates administered by an official body, but also by the Religious, Study and Endowment Fund, or Charles-Ferdinand University. The research is based on a survey event that took place on the estates in 1802. Analyses revealed that a majority Catholic population lived on the estate. This was particularly typical of western Bohemia. Conversely, the Protestant tradition was confirmed in the eastern Bohemian estates, especially Podebrady and Pardubice, and also the estates of Vetrny Jenikov and Stredokluky. While on the estates of Pardubice and Vetrny Jenikov Protestants were concentrated in particular areas, in Podebrady the co-existence of Catholics and Helvetians was quite common. With regard to the Jewish population, unlike the Protestants there were Jews living in most of the state estates, but the proportion of the population they represented was much lower, around less than 1%, and it was more a matter of individual families.

3

Moralny wymiar religii w życiu człowieka dorosłego

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Olżewski B.

Rocznik Andragogiczny

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2009

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vol. R. 2009

EN

In this article the author would like to touch a problem of the religion as an element of the adult religious people's life, specifically the element participating in the formation of an individual set of the moral attitudes. The group he is interested in is constituted by the Judaic, Catholic and Protestant worshippers. The main reason which inclined him to undertake the signalled problem is its practical dimension. Personally, he has an irresistible impression that morality is losing more and more of its importance in today's, especially highly developed, societies. Superseding such values as Good and Truth, pleasure, utility and profit increasingly become the leading values. He is certain that we live in the days of something what he would call the crisis of morality; morality in general. Therefore, a clear need both of reflection and action that tends to find the foundation which this fading morality could be rebuilt on and the sources which the principles and the instruments essential for this rebuilding could be derived from. The author's project is a part of the search of these sources and the area he explores is religion. He tries to investigate moral attitudes of the Judaic, Catholic and Protestant worshippers and also to verify whether the religion has an influence on these attitudes, and if it has, is this attitude a possitive one.

4

„Různé zlé věci jsou stimulací pro dobré věci, pro hrdinství” – przypadek Oto Mádra (1948–1968)

80%

Brodniewicz J.

Bohemistyka

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2016

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vol. 16

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issue 3

271 - 296

EN

The article presents the profile of Oto Mádr (1917–2011) in his struggle with the Communists on the basis of memories and documents. Oto Mádra is shown against the background of the events from vítězný únor to pražské jaro (1948–1968) in Czechoslovakia. He is a Czech priest and theologian, ordained in 1942, having remarkable achievements in the fight against the communist regime and for independence. In 1952 sentenced to life imprisonment for pastoral work among students, he was released in 1966. He resumed his opposition activities, becoming one of the most important figures of twentieth-century Czech Catholic Church.

5

Rukopis P. Ivana a S. Ioanne Baptista “Rurale ivaniticum” jako pramen ke studiu lidové kultury v Čechách 18. století

80%

Wolf J.

Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)

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2008

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vol. 36

229-242

EN

This article deals with the manuscript of a little known Baroque sermon called 'Rurale Ivaniticum' from the Library of the Prague Crusaders. Its author is the forgotten Carmelite P. Ivanus a S. Ioanne Baptista. The main subject is the usefulness of the manuscript for the study of 18th century popular culture in Bohemia. The sermon by P. Ivanus a S. Ioanne Baptista was aimed almost exclusively at the lower class rural population. Hence the 'Rurale ivaniticum' manuscript provides quite frequent examples of didactically intended folk sayings, as well as attacks on folk demonology and oneiromancy. It is from these parts of the manuscript that a merger of scholarly and folk culture clearly emerges.

6

Vybrané rysy spirituality české katolické církve (1948-1989)

80%

Hanus J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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vol. 14

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issue 2-3

341-353

EN

In this article the author seeks to explain some fundamental features of Roman Catholic spirituality in the Bohemian Lands after the Second World War. He demonstrates that this phenomenon was in essence both determined by the 'Roman Catholic Renaissance' of the 1930s and by new tendencies, particularly after the Communist takeover of February 1948. Among these tendencies was its enforced closed nature, fear of persecution, traditionalism, and conservatism, which were mainly the result of the limitations on being in touch with people abroad. On the whole, however, the author believes that Czech Roman Catholicism from the Communist takeover to the collapse of the regime in late 1989, despite all its problems, contributed to Czech culture, and he demonstrates this also in the reception of the Second Vatican Council in Bohemia and Moravia. The spirituality of women, both of nuns and of secular intellectuals, receives special praise in the article.

7

Přesvědčovací akce „svlékni hábit“ ve světle archivních materiálů

80%

Weis M.

Studia theologica

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2009

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vol. 11

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issue 3

63-76

EN

This study, predominantly based on archive materials, brings to light a chapter of the church history which is relatively poorly researched. It uses an investigatory method to demonstrate the efforts of the communist state power in Czechoslovakia to liquidate or at least radically restrict the existence of women's orders in the 1950s. False and artificially fabricated law-suits with top church dignitaries and the representatives of orders were accompanied by administrative restrictions of nuns' activities followed by their forceful relocation to special 'centralized monasteries'. Along with these measures, the representatives of the state power at the regional and district level conducted coercive operation code-named 'Take off your habit' designed to make the nuns betray their monastic vows, leave their monastic way of life and join other 'useful members of society'. This study is a part of a wider project, dealt with by the author, of the Czech Science Foundation, No. 409/07/0475 for 2009.

8

STUDIES ON PREHISTORIC RELIGION IN POLISH ARCHAEOLOGY

80%

Baron J.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2009

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vol. 61

419-436

EN

The paper aims on the one hand at presenting a great variety of issues taken up by archaeologists, mostly in recent years, whose areas of interest focus on prehistoric religion, and on the other hand it points out some weak points of proposed interpretations. It presents ways of posting questions and answering them as well as application of historical and ethnographical analogies. Studies on prehistoric religions are furthermore presented according to three discrete groups varying in a degree of interests in religion and contexts of analysed problems.

9

The Ideas of Western Reformation

80%

Mrozek-Dumanowska A.

Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies

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2011

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issue 26

73-85

EN

The present-day Islamic reformatory movement keeps sometimes striking similarities with historical ideas presented already on the ground of different religions. It finds its reference also in the convergence of ideas and slogans of contemporary reformists of Islam with the European Christian Reformation introduced in the West as early as in 16th century. The purpose of this paper is aimed at analyzing how the ideas and postulates of Western Reformation coincide with modern Islamic renovation movements.

10

Poglądy teologiczne Darwina

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Jodkowski K.

Lectiones & Acroases Philosophicae

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2010

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vol. 3

59-84

EN

According to the Author, Darwin's views on religion were of essential significance for his deeds as a scientist. Darwin's views evolved from the orthodox christianity during his studies at Cambridge University, through the deistic phase, through agnosticism and atheism at the end of his life. As a result of his mature standpoint, he introduced the so-called principle of methodological naturalism to science.

11

THE THEOLOGICAL EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE OLDER HEGEL ACCORDING TO LECTURES ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION AND THE CLASSICAL LUTHERAN DOCTRINE OF THE MEANS OF GRACE (Polish title- below)

80%

Oseka M.

Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

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2010

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vol. 9

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issue 2(27)

197-216

EN

(Title in Polish - 'Teologiczna epistemologia póznego Hegla wedlug Wykladów z filozofii religii a klasyczna luteranska koncepcja srodków laski'). The paper discusses the similarities and differences between the theological epistemology of Hegel as stated in Lectures and the Lutheran doctrine of the means of grace as stated in the Reformation (Luther, Melanchthon). The author stated on the basis of the analysis that Hegel rejected the Scripture principle of the Reformation because of the rationalistic Bible criticism expressed by the German Enlightenment, and strove to derive the philosophy of Christianity from the reason principle and preserve basic Christian truths adapted to his own system in this way; and the means of grace (namely the Word of Gospel in the Scripture, in preaching, and in the sacraments) were lost in the Hegelian system and replaced by reason.

12

PARADOXY SEKULARIZÁCIE

80%

Geremešová G.

Annales Scientia Politica

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 1

20 – 25

EN

The study analyses the metamorphoses of the phenomenon of religion at the secular age. It analyses more precisely the intensifying process of the individualization of religion. It is based on the concept of the non-existent secularization as metanarrative. Post-modern society has been undergoing extensive secularization on the one hand but on the other hand religion has been experiencing resurgence within the public arena (de-privatization of religion). New cults engaging in de-traditionalization and deinstitutionalization are being formed; faith is experiencing deregulation, and religious symbols and various levels of transcendence are invoked applying liberal logic. Deregulated and liberally chosen religious approaches epitomize the particular dialectics of individualization and de-individualization, i. e. they represent an attempt at a parallel individual and societal spiritual metamorphosis.

13

IS RELIGION INDEPENDENT OF STUDENTS’ APPROACHES TO LEARNING?

80%

Muñoz-García A.

Studia Psychologica

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2013

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vol. 55

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issue 3

215 – 220

EN

In the advancement of our understanding of the nature and development of student learning, learning approaches (LA) take centre stage, usually differentiated (Biggs, 2001) as Surface (SA), Deep (DA) and Achieving (AA). These styles are conditioned by aspects of the context and the student, but religion has not been studied. This study was designed ex post facto using correlation, discrimination and regression analysis, and its results indicated an association between religion and LA. DA was associated with an experience of and interest in spirituality. However, SA and AA were related to measurements of religious orientation and beliefs. Existential wellbeing was inversely related to deep approaches and positively to surface and achieving approaches. Religion showed a limited capacity to discriminate among different LAs.

14

TEORIE SOCIÁLNÍCH POLÍ P. BOURDIEUHO – INSPIRACE PRO IDENTIFIKACI PODOBNÝCH FENOMÉNŮ

80%

Mišovič J.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2023

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vol. 55

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issue 3

320 – 340

EN

One of the most influential social scientists of the 20th century prepared methodological and theoretical approaches that can also be used to identify related phenomena such as religion and spirituality. The theory is based on the two-way relationship between the social field and the habitus. The field represents the place of creation of values, application of capital, distribution of power. The field of cultural production with large-scale and restricted production is a tool for identifying the distinction between the two phenomena. Spiritually oriented people benefit from their personal experience in acquiring spirituality, and religiously oriented people rely on church institutions.

15

Protestantské obce v Srbsku do roku 1953

80%

Benes S.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2008

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vol. 94

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issue 1

61-80

EN

The essay Protestant Communities in Serbia until 1953 concentrates mainly on Protestant communities on the territory of the future Republic of Serbia from its genesis in the 16th century up to 1953, when the Yugoslav government passed a law on religious communities. The article starts with a depiction of the 16th century Slovenian reformation, when it was for the first time spread over the South Slav region. Despite successful re-Catholicization of the territory, the reformation went ahead towards fundamental features of Protestant churches in South Slav countries, which was (and still is), made up predominantly by non-South Slav ethnics of local Protestants. An overwhelming majority of reformist ideas was thus formed by immigrants of German, Hungarian and Slovak nationalities. The essay briefly explains the characteristics of individual churches on the territory and analyses their operation in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the Yugoslavian Kingdom. It also informs on the relationship of individual churches with the Josip Broz Tito's post-war communist regime.

16

Věřící singles ve světle měnících se forem praktikování víry a individualizace ve sféře náboženství

80%

Bartosova M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2006

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vol. 7

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issue 1

15-19

EN

The study, while applying the qualitative method, is focused on financially self-sufficient young people (25-33), who live alone and belong to the Catholic Church. Through qualitative interviews and their following analysis the group of religious singles is specified. This category appears to be interesting for its internal incongruity, which results from the tendency of these people not to seclude from the Christian ideal in the area of intimacy and family and, at the same time, from the need of independence and development of themselves. While in the mainstream part of society alternative partner relationships come extensively into play which enables young singles to substitute traditional relationships directed towards a long-term engagement, religious singles solve their loneliness among other things by attaching themselves to faith and religion. The research has shown the importance of religion as a 'symbolic universe', which is capable of explaining everyday experience of believers and assisting them in dealing with complicated life situations including singlehood.

17

Náboženství a pohlaví: Proč jsou ženy zbožnější než muži?

80%

Hamplová D.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2011

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vol. 47

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issue 2

297-324

EN

This article looks at the differences in the religiosity of men and women. First, it outlines the main sociological theories that explain these differences. Afterwards, it examines the differences in the religiosity of Czech men and women in the ISSP 2008 and the DIN 2006 surveys. The analyses show that Czech women are more religious than Czech men in every measure of religiosity, but do not indicate that these differences can be explained by economic activity or social deprivation measured as a subjective assessment of social status. Some of the differences can, however, be ascribed to differences in religious socialisation in childhood.

18

Husitské skladby Budyšínského rukopisu: funkce-adresát-kulturní rámec

80%

Čornej P.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2008

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vol. 56

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issue 3

301-345

EN

The Bautzen Manuscript, completed on 21 September 1448, contains, in chronological order, six texts written in Czech. They were demonstrably composed in the summer and autumn of 1420. Compiled and edited by Jiří Daňhelka from two Early Modern, yet relatively reliable copies the MS was later published as Husitské skladby Budyšínského rukopisu (Prague: Orbis, 1952). The author of the article has also used a photocopy (in the Photo Library of Middle Czech Printed Books, the Institute of Czech Literature, Prague, No. 1392), which substituted for the considerably worn-out original in Bautzen. All the texts discussed are in the true Hussite spirit, contingent not only on their being written in times of armed struggle against the crusaders led by Sigismund Luxembourg, King of Hungary and the Romans, but also on aesthetics characteristic of Hussite culture. Foremost among these is emphasis on the word, which communicates the Law of God, and on the cognitive and formative functions of literature, which is engaged in the efforts to demonstrate the binding nature of the Hussite programme as the terms and conditions of salvation. The author (or authors) did not, however, succumb to the pressure of Hussite radicals, and anchored his (their) works, in terms of form, in the tradition of pre-revolutionary ‘high’ culture. That is true of the first of the two texts (named after their opening words, Slyšte, nebesa, and Nedávno před), which are prose monologues of the personified Crown of Bohemia, turning to God and expressing the most central interests of Hussite Prague and her allies (in particular, the rejection of Sigismund as the King of Bohemia). The rich lexis and large number of topoi and rhetorical figures rank the author of the texts (both have Latin variants ‘Audite, celi’ and ‘Nuper coram’, not included in the Bautzen Manuscript) among the elite graduates of Prague University. The literary grounding invests the works with pathos and cogency, but was probably not appreciated by the main audience that the author was trying to persuade – namely, the upper Czech Calixtin nobility and ethnically Czech aldermen of the royal boroughs preferring loyalty to Sigismund over loyalty to the Hussite interpretation of the Law of God. After the defeat of the crusades in late July 1420, therefore, from the same circle of authors come three compositions in verse, which were intended for a the same audience, but addressing them more approachably and plainly, that is, in octosyllabic declamatory verse with a dominating trochaic tendency and couplets. The Czech noble audience had been accustomed to such verse since the late thirteenth century, and Czech burghers had been familiar with it from the second half of the fourteenth century.

19

SACRUM AND PROFANUM OR SACROFANUM? CHANGES IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF SACRUM IN THE MODERN WORLD

80%

Sieradzan J.

Lud

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2006

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vol. 90

13-36

EN

The article analyses the problems of sacrum as discussed by a few modern scholars - Walter Burkert, René Girard and Hyam Macoby, who link the reflection on religions (mainly Old Greek, Judaism and Christianity) to the data from anthropological and ethological studies. The text also relates on the discussion of the interrelation between sacrum and profanum as analysed by classical scholars, and promotes the concept of sacrofanum, which is the modern reference to the questions discussed in the article. When looking for the sources of the concept of sacrum the author makes references to the study on primacy. The text also touches upon the relations between the experience of sacrum and madness. In the modern world the border between sacrum and profanum is liminal, while man lives in sacrofanum where everything is (or can be) a sacral element.

20

Opium notně vyčichlé? Náboženské procesy pozdní moderny v západní a východní Evropě

80%

Nespor Z. R.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2007

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vol. 14

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issue 2-3

269-304

EN

In this article the author presents a fundamental overview of developments in religion in Europe in the second half of the twentieth century. He compares the situation in West European countries and post-Communist countries, and, referring to the literature, analyzes some central trends. He explains, particularly the longstanding paradigmatic concept of secularization, whose currently most influential proponent is Steve Bruce, and three alternative models - Rodney Stark's theory of rational religious choice, Daniele Hervieu-Leger's concept of religious memory, and Jose Casanova's version of the concept of three autonomous components of secularization (whose meeting led to a striking decline in church-based religiousness in Western Europe). The author also considers questions of secularization and the subsequent changes outside and within the established churches, their legal standing, and influence on politics, the mass media, the school system, and other areas. He also explores the development and subsequent decline in the importance of new religious movements, including positions taken against them and against immigrants' religiousness, as well as the influence of implicit religions. Whereas 'political religion' has long lost its role in shaping identity, functional equivalents of religiousness appear mainly in European secularism, which, on the one hand, has Christian roots and has also quite successfully substituted for church-based Christianity, for example in the form of a negative European identity with regard to Muslims. In Late Modern Europe, the author argues, a great number of privatized religious or spiritual forms continue to exist. They may get the attention of only a small part of the public and encourage them to participate, but their influence as a cultural milieu is much larger. In Europe these and other religious processes are not asserted with equal force; though various forms of religion or non-religion have also been entering European politics and public life, they remain controversial partly because they are expressed in different measure and form.

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