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1

IMPLICIT THEORIES OF RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM AMONG SLOVAK YOUNG ADULTS

100%
Adamovova L.
Studia Psychologica
|
2005
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vol. 47
|
issue 3
235-246
EN
Little attention is being paid to the implicit theories of different dimensions of religiosity that would take into account the subjective side of understanding of the phenomenon. Therefore, in the present study, lay definitions of religious fundamentalism were investigated among young adults in Slovakia. Participants were recruited by the snowball method of sampling via the Internet and they were asked to write down their own personal definitions of religious fundamentalism. Our sample consisted of 50 adults (44% females and 56% males) aged between 19 and 60 years (AM = 28.5). Regarding education, 74% were university graduates, 14% were undergraduates, and 12% had secondary education. Members of a non-specified religious group formed 62% of the sample, 26% were not members of any such group, and 12% were formal but nonpracticing members of their group. The data were analyzed by the Constant Comparison Method (Grounded Theory Methodology). The results showed the category structure of the notion which yielded formal and content categories. Within the content categories, Extremism (Extremism in belief and in behavior), Dealing with otherness (Attitudes toward otherness and Reactions to otherness), and Personality traits, states, and needs emerged. The discussion bears on a comparison between personal understanding of religious fundamentalism and previous research findings based on a review of the pertinent literature.
2

SAYYID QUTB'S 'OUR FIGHT WITH JEWS'. THE ARAB MUSLIM FUNDAMENTALIST PAMPHLET AGAINST JUDAISM AND THE JEWS IN A CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN ANTI-SEMITIC DISCOURSE

100%
Moch M.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
|
2008
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vol. 52
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issue 2
177-188
EN
The paper deals with the famous essay by Sayyid Qutb, one of the most famous ideologues of Islamic fundamentalism and leader of the Muslim Brethren in Egypt, who was sentenced to death in 1966. Despite its rather small volume, 'Our Fight with Jews' is a really influential text, especially among the fundamentalist milieu in the Arab societies. The essay's sole purpose was to clarify Qutb's hostile attitude towards Judaism and the Jews. The Egyptian fundamentalist justifies his point using religious, historical and political arguments. Some of the historical views, figures of speech and propaganda tricks, appearing in the text, were probably borrowed from the European anti-Semitic literature. After presenting Qutb's short biography, the author researches main aspects of the aforementioned work and debates how Islamic theological background merges with the influences of European anti-Semitism.
3

THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY, COGNITIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS AS DETERMINANTS OF RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM: A TWIN STUDY IN POLISH SAMPLE

75%
Jakubowska U., Oniszczenko W.
Studia Psychologica
|
2010
|
vol. 52
|
issue 3
253-263
EN
This study has sought to identify the determinants of religious fundamentalism. The following hypothetical determinants were tested: genetic influence, environmental influence, and such psychological variables as anxiety and assumptions about the nature of the social world. It was assumed that trait anxiety and assumptions about the social world are mediators of religious fundamentalism. The study was run on 112 participants (29 women and 83 men) aged from 18 to 28 years; the sample consisted of 19 monozygotic and 37 dizygotic pairs of twins reared together. The results of structural equation modelling showed that religious fundamentalism is mainly determined by environmental influences (38% heritable) whereas trait anxiety and assumptions about the nature of the social world are largely genetically determined (60% heritable). Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between trait anxiety and negative social world view but, contrary to the hypothesis, the results of multiple regression analysis suggest that trait anxiety is the only predictor of religious fundamentalism.
4
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Explaining Attitudes toward Immigrants in the United States: Context, Class and Ideology

75%
Erdmans M. P., Smell A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2019
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vol. 45
|
issue 3 (173)
69–91
EN
This paper explores the influence of social context, class, and ideology on attitudes toward immigrants in the US. Using the conceptual frames of heterophobia and resource competition, we hypothesize that between 1996 and 2014 attitudes toward immigrants would become increasingly negative because of changes in the social context, in particular the growth in the number and diversity of immigrants. We also hypothesize that people in more precarious labor market positions, without a college education, and with a conservative religious ideology will have more negative attitudes toward immigrants. Using the General Social Survey at three points in time (1996, 2004, and 2014), we find mixed support for our hypotheses. Attitudes toward immigrants became more positive in the overall sample, but more negative for religious fundamentalists. Religious ideology and education were better predictors of attitudes toward immigrants than employment status and self-identified class. In general, the data show more support for the heterophobia explanation for negative attitudes than the resource competition explanation.
5

A RAINBOW FLAG AGAINST THE WAWEL DRAGON. CULTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE CRACOW MARCH FOR TOLERANCE CONFLICT

63%
Kubica G.
Studia Socjologiczne
|
2006
|
issue 4(183)
69-106
EN
The first part of the article describes the events in 2004 connected with the organization of the festival 'Culture for Tolerance' and negative reaction of many people towards it. The material used consisted of and interviews with organizers, participant observation, video recording press relations. The second part describes positions of experiences of the main actors of events: Campaign Against Homophobia; Institute of Sociology of the Jagiellonian University; Piotr Skarga Association of Christian Culture; All-Poland Youth; football fans of two Cracovian clubs; Roman-Catholic Church; the state; mass media. The final part contains in the analysis of the events within several different theoretical contexts: the concepts of homosexuality, gender, nationalism and globalization. Concluding remarks elaborate on the character of Polish civil society which is still a holistic ethical monolith rather than a liberal arena for discussion. The gay and lesbian movement is the most spectacular force that tries to change the situation.
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