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1

ALTRUISM TOWARDS STRANGERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF AN EVOLUTIONARY MODEL

100%
Bereczkei T., Birkas B., Kerekes Z.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2007
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vol. 62
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issue 4
449-473
EN
Everyday experience shows that humans are often altruistic towards unrelated individuals, even strangers in need in the absence of return. Evolutionary psychology has been coping with the problem of how indiscriminative altruism could have been selected for, that are obviously harmful to individual's survival and reproduction. Costly signal theory states that individuals who engage in altruistic acts serve their own interest by reliably demonstrating their qualities underlying the altruistic act that may be useful for the group mates in future social interactions, such as forming friendships, alliance, getting mates. Whereas this explanatory model has been supported by studies in hunter-gatherer communities, very few well-controlled empirical studies have been made in industrial societies. In the present study on behalf of a charity organization 186 students of 12 different seminary groups were asked to offer support to unfamiliar persons in need. In accordance with our predictions, the results show that significantly more subjects are willing to give assistance if they can make their charity offers in the presence of their group mates than in a situation when the offers are kept in secret. The likelihood of charity service was strongly influenced by the expected cost of altruistic behavior: more subjects offered costly assistance in groups in which they could make their offers in public than in the ones where they did not have a chance to do it publicly. Publicly demonstrated altruistic offer yields a long-term benefit: subjects who were willing to participate in a particular charity activity gained significantly higher reputation scores than the others. Costly acts of generosity signaled the altruist's trustworthiness, but did not signal another presumed personality trait of altruists: ability to organize. Contrary to one of our predictions, no difference between sexes was found in reputation-gaining strategy, which needs an explanation.
2

FACTORS SHAPING THE REPUTATION OF DEVELOPER COMPANIES IN PODLASKIE UNDER NEW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS (Czynniki ksztaltowania reputacji podlaskich przedsiebiorstw deweloperskich w nowych warunkach gospodarowania)

100%
Grzes-Buklaho J.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
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2011
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issue 6(54)
308-319
EN
It is believed that a company's reputation has a major influence on the entire business environment, in particular on the actions of customers, suppliers, competitors, strategic partners, or employees. This paper attempts to analyse the impact of certain factors on the reputation of Bialystok's developer companies, in the eyes of current and former customers, as well as employees. Every enterprise should consistently implement a strategy of building a reputation for reliability and quality. This kind of strategy must take into account the attitudes and expectations of employees and customers. Only in this way it is possible to create a strong and establish a strong corporate reputation in the market.
3

PR AS A MANAGEMENT FUNCTION - COMMUNICATION AND REPUTATION CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANISATION (Public relations jako funkcja zarzadzania - zarzadzanie komunikacja i budowanie reputacji organizacji)

100%
Hope E.
Organization and Management
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2009
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issue 3(137)
41-54
EN
Profit by all means is not considered the ultimate aim of today's organizations. The role of organizations has also transformed: today they are a part of social structures making influence on the society. At the same time they realize the importance of social opinion to their growth and turn to the media as a third party to form their image. This determines an attitude to creation of the organization reputation as a planned, strategic process. At the end of the 20th century the problem of information reliability and truthfulness became particularly acute, especially in advertising and public relations. The paper presents the key findings of a research on the situation of public relations in Poland. Ethical issues faced in this area are those that public relations is turning into an aggressive means to form and maintain one's image, and not a way to hear the organization's stakeholders.
4

NATURE OF VIRTUE: EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES UNDERLYING HUMAN PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR

88%
Bereczkei T.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 1
613-631
EN
Evolutionary theories on altruism among relatives, friends, and group members are considered as the regular parts of the psychological handbooks by now. However, helping to strangers - which is a unique capacity of human beings - has not satisfactorily been explained in psychological studies linked to the Darwinian framework. Why are we generous towards those who are not our relatives, whom we cannot expect to return, even whom we have not met at all? The author argues that those emotional and cognitive information-processing mechanisms that predispose humans to behave altruistically towards strangers constitute an inherent part of the human psychological equipment. A question arises, how these mechanisms could have been shaped during evolution, given that altruism may impose certain costs and risks on the altruist. Another crucial question is that what specific psychological processes mediate the adaptive algorithms of prosocial behavior to the actual interpersonal relationships. He suggests four behavioral strategies and psychological mechanisms - and the underlying possible evolutionary processes - that may be responsible for shaping altruism towards strangers: 1. Similarity and sympathy (kin selection); 2. Strong reciprocity and altruistic punishment (group selection); 3. Reputation-gaining, costly signaling and competitive altruism (individual selection); 4. Cognitive processes that have been primarily shaped for other, non-altruistic tasks, such as theory of mind, Machiavellianism, empathy (exaptation).
5

MULTIFACTOR ANALYSIS OF ONLINE REPUTATION AS A TOOL FOR ENHANCING COMPETITIVENESS OF SUBJECTS FROM AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

88%
Dorčák P., Markovič P., Pollák F.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 2
173 – 186
EN
The paper discusses the issue of online reputation, more specifically the ways and methods of its measurements in selected entities operating in the automotive sector. A thorough multifactor analysis of reputation in the virtual world of the internet was conducted on a specific sample of entities/subjects – Top 15 European bestselling car brands of year 2014 operating on a selected market. Using a careful statistical testing, relationships between factors were examined in order to identify and describe basic facts affecting online reputation of selected entities in the hyper competitive market environment of the internet. The findings identified by the analysis conducted on the selected part of the global market, can be effectively used in any market for the purpose of increasing competitiveness of selected entities from (not only) automotive industry. Patterns and variables affecting virtual reputation of these entities are relatively invariable across the global internet market.
6

VYVRÁTITEĽNÁ DOMNIENKA DOBREJ POVESTI PRÁVNICKEJ OSOBY

88%
Zlocha Ľ.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2017
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vol. 100
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issue 4
361 – 371
EN
In the contribution, the author discusses the attribute of the good reputation of legal entities and analyses the good reputation itself, the way of its acquisition, duration and extinction. The main intention of the author was to point out that the status of a good reputation of a legal entity is heavily influenced by the factual act of the legal entity after its creation, and therefore the reputation of a legal person may be influenced positively or negatively. Not every legal entity can therefore successfully seek protection of good reputation through court proceedings. In the event that the defendant successfully demonstrates the lack of good reputation of a legal person or some facts which seriously undermines good reputation, it may result in a failure in litigation due to the absence of a substantive presumption of the legal basis of claim, namely the existence of plaintiffs´ good reputation.
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