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1

ARCHITEKTÚRA KOŠÍC MEDZIVOJNOVÉHO OBDOBIA V KONTEXTE NOVOPOSTAVENÝCH BYTOVÝCH DOMOV PRE VOJAKOV (1918 – 1938)

100%
Priatková A.
Vojenská história
|
2017
|
vol. 21
|
issue 4
64 - 101
EN
On the background of the nationwide situation in the newly originated Czechoslovakia, the author of the study introduces the specific situation in the town of Košice, which was experiencing an unprecedented growth and turned into the second most populated town in Slovakia, becoming the regional centre of economy, trade, education and culture. Firstly, the housing problems of the former administrative employees, financial and post office employees as well as railway workers had to be solved. Since the state, which had several military crews around the country, suffering from acute housing crisis, was not able to solve this acute problem, the Ministry of National Defence invited the municipalities to help building flats for the families of soldiers as well. The author states that the Košice Town Archive, in the Magistrate file, contains period documentation on the reconstruction of military barracks to flats in the former military camp in Barca, in the south of Košice. By 1927, soldiers obtained 300 flats altogether, through gradual adaptation. The study also deals with the construction of state-owned flats for the military salaried employees, the building and housing cooperative of officers and sergeants, the residential house for the building cooperative of the state employees, the residential house built from the revenues of the ticket loan for the generally beneficial building cooperative of the state and railway employees in Košice. Other topics include the Masaryk’s colony of financial officers in Košice, the Social and Health Care House of the CS Red Cross in Košice, the Northern Folk School and Nursery House. This study also deals with the analysis of architectural projects of individual buildings in question, mentioning their authors as well as an extensive image appendix.
2

Arhitekts un politika. Ernesta Štālberga dzīve un darbs

100%
Horsta K.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2019
|
vol. 22
23-39
EN
Ernests Štālbergs (1883–1958) experienced two world wars and six different political regimes one after the other. His biography is an obvious example of how fundamental socio-political shifts can affect not only the architect’s private life but also his professional output and even the work on particular objects. Štālbergs was born in Liepāja in 1883 and studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts for a long period, from 1904 to 1914. This was partly related to financial problems as well as to political events, such as the Revolution of 1905. After graduating from the academy, Štālbergs stayed on in St. Petersburg and began to teach at Yelena Bagayeva’s private Women’s Higher Courses of Architecture. The academy was closed down after the Bolshevik coup of 1918; The Petrograd State Free Art Studios were opened in its place and Štālbergs began to head the master studio of architecture there. However, the new order in Soviet Russia was grotesque, so the architect returned to Latvia in 1922, taking an instructor’s job at the recently opened University of Latvia, Faculty of Architecture, where he headed his master studio of architecture for almost 30 years. In Latvia he could freely realise his ideas and designed various objects for both the university and the political elite but as a modernist, he saw architecture as a potential solution to social problems. The years of the Second World War were a tragic period in the architect’s life, especially the Nazi occupation from June 1941, as his wife was Jewish. The restored Soviet occupational regime held Štālbergs in high esteem at first, heaping him with prestigious posts and various honorary titles. However, as an ever more conservative version of Socialist Realism was on the rise, the architect’s modern, West-inspired ideas appeared unacceptable to Soviet ideology. Due to the political and economic situation and commissioners’ changing interpretations of architecture, Štālbergs’ realised works reveal a much more conservative and modest side of his creativity.
3

Ziemeļu nacionālais romantisms mūra īres namu arhitektūrā Rīgā. Arhitekts Aleksandrs Vanags

84%
Libere A.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2016
|
vol. 19
32-47
EN
The aim of this article is to introduce the reader to the residential houses designed by Aleksandrs Vanags (1873–1919) in the style of Nordic National Romanticism, looking at not just the textbook examples but also at less well known buildings. Vanags has left a considerable legacy in the architecture of Latvia. Some one hundred buildings were constructed after his designs during the peak of his activity from 1906 to 1914. These were mainly multi-storey apartment houses in Riga and around forty private and public buildings outside Riga. The buildings examined in the article illustrate the flourishing and decline of Nordic National Romanticism that prevailed in Vanags’ work until this trend was progressively supplanted by Neo-Classicism. The layout of premises and organisation of amenities in Vanags’ projects were realised in line with the requirements of the time by providing maximum sunlight in the rooms and a window in every household premise in the large many-room apartments. As the layout of premises is conditioned by the commissioner’s means as well as the form and position of the building plot, Vanags’ apartment houses feature both typical and very original solutions for the period. Bays and risalits were used to diversify the building layout in the city centre, often creating a different layout for each storey of the house. During the period of Nordic National Romanticism, building façades show a laconic approach to ornamentation, largely applying a flat décor, often complemented with contrasting materials and types of finish. In some cases geometric ornament plastered on the façades is enriched with individual glazed tiles or mosaic. Looking at the building volumes of masonry apartment houses, some especially popular construction elements stand out, such as circular corner bays with dome-shaped roofing or open balcony, the use of chamfered and diverse triangular gables and massive closed balconies.
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