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AUDIT AS A TOOL FOR DETECTING ADVERSE IMPACT OF DERIVATIVES ON THE COMPANY (Audyt jako narzedzie detekcji niekorzystnego wplywu instrumentów pochodnych na przedsiebiorstwo)

100%
Kowalski P.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2011
|
issue 27
52-80
EN
High-amplitude of changes in foreign exchange markets had often a negative impact on the financial results of Polish exporters in 2008-2009. The design of adopted financial instruments and the height of the security show insufficient internal control over the implementation of the exchange rate risk protection policy in public entities, where financial loss has repeatedly exceeded the expected benefits. Most of the serious irregularities in this aspect came out of speculative transactions of senior or middle management staff and errors caused by faulty estimates, or insufficient knowledge about the design of derivatives. The text refers to the above situation, resulting from the need to thoroughly verify the current level of risk by the amount of securities derivatives in the company. The author's is to remind the regulations which would significantly reduce risk and demonstrate a mechanism whereby members of the internal audit committee under the board and external auditors, and the government of the company to protect the examined subject from the risk from improper use of the potential which undoubtedly are given by currency options. Support for active security policy is the indicator presented in Chapter 2. Extremely important is the fact that the meter will indicate the risk ex ante, before the consequences in the form of financial losses and an increase in long-and short-term debt
2

Zachowania konsumentów prowadzące do minimalizowania ryzyka przy wyborze produktów mięsnych

100%
Radzymińska M., Jakubowska D.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2012
|
issue 881
35-46
EN
This paper presents Polish consumers’ concerns about food-related hazards and methods used to reduce them. The research sample comprised 1075 respondents from the northeastern part of Poland. Analyses confirm that consumers are aware of chemical compounds in meat and are concerned about their harmful effects. They are able to assess the likelihood and seriousness of these effects and identify measures to reduce their exposure to risk. The most important risk-reducing strategies include “quality assurance” and “product appearance”. It can also be concluded that the perception of risk depends on the demographic characteristics of the respondents, because different groups within society perceive and respond to risk differently.
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