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WHEEL-MADE VESSELS FROM A WIELBARK CULTURE CEMETERY IN WEKLICE NEAR ELBLAG. A CONTRIBUTION TO RESEARCH ON THE WIELBARK CULTURE POTTERY WORKSHOP

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Natuniewicz-Sekula M.

Archeologia Polski

2005

vol. 50

issue 1-2

55-80

The four reconstructed urns proved very similar in shape and style, as well as manufacturing technique, suggesting a single workshop as their place of production. The clay used for the wheel-made vessels must have been fired in low temperatures. A comparative analysis was pursued on: (1) morphology; (2) style and ornamentation, and (3) technological execution, taking into consideration mainly chemical and mineralogical composition of used clay. Foremost, the vessels were observed to be very close in form. The vessel surface was mostly smooth and matt, a color of the clay suggesting an oxidizing technology of firing with reduced flow of oxygen in the last phase. The urns were executed of bands of clay 2- 4 cm wide, the bottoms of the vessels bearing evidence of being cut from the potter's wheel. Clay composition of six vases was very similar, the clay containing predominating minerals: quartz which dominated the matrix, orthoclase, indeterminable minerals rich in iron and albite. Grain-size was varying in diameter: larger than 0.2 mm to under 0.05 mm. The manufacturing technique and the matrix composition suggests that all vases were made in the same local (?) workshop. The results of analysis showed very close similarities between the clay composition of the locally hand-made and wheel-made vessels. It should be assumed that the both were manufactured in a local pottery workshop. The dating proved the most interesting . Two urns contained bronze fibulae characteristic of the B2/C1 phase - the oldest well-evidenced set of wheel-made ware from the territory of Wielbark Culture. A few similar pots occurred solely in the area between the Vistula and Pasleka rivers. This set of finds testifies to a workshop making wheel-made pottery having operated in the Elblag Heights sometime at the turn of the Early and Late Roman periods in the area. 9 Figures.

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON SETTLEMENT PROCESSES IN THE RIVER VALLEYS OF CENTRAL POLAND IN THE ROMAN AND EARLY MEDIEVAL PERIODS

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Stupnicka E., Baranowski T., Bender W.

Archeologia Polski

2006

vol. 51

issue 1-2

93-120

Numerous sites from the Roman and Early Medieval period have been discovered on the flood terraces of river valleys in central Poland. Settlement in these areas would have been unexplainable under present climatic conditions in view of the high ground water level and flood risk. Studies of the natural environment have accompanied archaeological work carried out in the Prosna valley, on an Early Medieval site in Kalisz (strongholds in the districts of Zawodzie and Ogrody, as well as a site in the Old Town), and in the valley of the Mogielanka), on a cult site from the period of Roman influence at Otalazka near Mogielnica. In both cases, the features are located on wide, flat and low flood terraces, which are now either artificially drained or else remain unused as boggy meadows. On the ground of comparative studies carried out by paleobotanists, limnologists and meteorologists among others, the conclusion can be drawn that conditions suitable for settlement in river valleys existed in Poland during the climatic optima, that is, in the Roman and Early Medieval times. These periods were separated by phases of unfavorable climatic change at the end of the 5th and early 6th century and in the 6th century. Violent floods led to the destruction of sites from the period of Roman influence located on the low terraces near river beds. In this cool and humid period, the population living in the low terraces of rivers in central Poland was forced to move, the action occasionally turning even into mass migration. The outcome was a population drop. The return of settlement to the low terraces occurred once climatic conditions improved to some extent in the 7th-8th centuries; this situation lasted until the 12th century. In the 13th-14th centuries the climate deteriorated again (small glacial age), resulting in an exodus of the population to the terraces above the floodplain and the uplands, where chartered towns began to be established. 7 Figures.

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2 Archeologia Polski

1 Baranowski T.

1 Bender W.

1 Natuniewicz-Sekula M.

1 Stupnicka E.

1 2006

1 2005

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WHEEL-MADE VESSELS FROM A WIELBARK CULTURE CEMETERY IN WEKLICE NEAR ELBLAG. A CONTRIBUTION TO RESEARCH ON THE WIELBARK CULTURE POTTERY WORKSHOP

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON SETTLEMENT PROCESSES IN THE RIVER VALLEYS OF CENTRAL POLAND IN THE ROMAN AND EARLY MEDIEVAL PERIODS