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1

Łyżki, morselki i kantaty. Osiemnastowieczne upominki na kierę i Nowy Rok w Toruniu i innych miastach Prus Królewskich

100%
Łyczak B.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2012
|
vol. 60
|
issue 1
33-48
EN
The annual by-election to the Town Council and allocating positions to particular members of the Council, called kiera, were lavishly celebrated in the towns of Royal Prussia. The occasion was usually marked with a feast, for which special delicacies were ordered. In Elbląg (Elbing) and Toruń (Thorn) it was customary that apothecaries prepared special sweets (called morselki) for the occasion; wines were also specially ordered. In Gdańsk (Danzig) the municipal cantor was commissioned to compose a commemorative cantata every year. In Toruń councillors were presented with silver spoons, which was not practiced in other towns of Royal Prussia. The custom can be traced back to 1703, when it probably started. Apart from the time of kiera, when all the sixteen members of the Council received gifts, the four mayors and the two treasurers were entitled to additional gifts on the New Year. Spoons and other pieces of cutlery were ordered at the best goldsmiths’ workshops. This custom was copied by the councillors of Chełm, who started to treat themselves to such gifts in 1742, but the sums spent for them were smaller than in Toruń. The custom survived in Toruń until 1772. After the first partition of Poland the town suffered a period of economic decline due to the customs policy of Prussia, which was aimed at suppressing local trade and crafts in order to force the town to join the state of Frederick II.
2

Willem and Abraham van den Blocke and problem of attribution of the Konopacki Tombstones

88%
Smolinski M.
Ikonotheka
|
2004
|
issue 17
91-104
EN
Preserved examples of sepulchral sculpture from the turn of the 16th century in Royal Prussia include several epitaphs and tombstones of members of the Konopacki family. The article discusses the epitaph of Achacy Konopacki (d. 1599) in Grzywno near Chelmza, an epitaph of Jan Konopacki (d. 1594) in the church of St. Nicholas in Gdansk, the tombstone of Jerzy Oleski and Zofia née Konopacka in Pieniazkowo (1598), an epitaph of Piotr Konopacki (d. 1589) in the church of St. John in Malbork and a tombstone of Stanislaw Konopacki (d. 1608) in the post-Bernardine church in Nowe. Particular attention has been paid to the epitaph in Grzywno - one of the first Pomeranian depictions of a kneeling figure in modern sepulchral art with, in addition, novel contents. The discussed works which, with few exceptions, have not been studied, are distinctly associated with the two most outstanding sculptors in Gdansk of the period: Willem and Abraham van den Blocke. The epitaphs of Achacy and Jan Konopacki, and the Oleski tombstone, executed by a single author, are so closely linked with the Gdansk works by Abraham (the main altar in the church of St. John, an epitaph of Marquis d'Oria in the church of the Holy Trinity, the decoration of the Alms Table in the church of the Holy Virgin Mary) that they should be regarded as his own. The Piotr Konopacki epitaph, in turn, must be connected with Willem (identical elements occur in, i. a. the epitaph of Edward Blemke in the church of the Holy Virgin Mary in Gdansk and the Stroband family epitaph in the church of the Holy Virgin Mary in Torun). The tombstone of Stanisław Konopacki is damaged to such an extent that it is impossible to associate it with a given author. A survey of the extant tombstone monuments discloses, therefore, heretofore unknown works by Willem and Abraham van den Blocke, and proves the existence of permanent contacts between the masters of Gdansk and one of the most prominent families in Royal Prussia of the period.
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