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THE ACTIVITIES OF FRANCESCO BARTOLOMEO RASTRELLI AS REFLECTED IN LATVIAN ART HISTORY (Francesko Bartolomeo Rastrelli darbiba Latvija makslas vestures atspogulojuma)

100%

Lancmanis I.

Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei

2001

vol. 2

47-54

The Italian architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli worked both in Russia and in Latvia, but his work has never been researched in any complete way, nor has it gained international recognition. In Latvian art history, however, the reflection of Rastrelli's activities is a vivid example of the way in which ideas about art history can develop with a great proportion of mistakes in fact and interpretation and falsehood in accumulated traditions. The work which Rastrelli did in Kurzeme (Courland) appeared in the historical literature of Latvia quite early, thanks to the publication of an article about the laying of the cornerstone of the Rundale Palace in 1736. Rastrelli's work in Russia was reviewed in a general way for the first time in 1876, in an article by Andrej Petrov. Early in the 20th century, Igor Grabar, a Russian art historian, in his analysis of Rastrelli's work that was based on a fairly high level of knowledge and methodological approach, treated the Rundale and Jelgava palaces critically and in passing. It was during this period of research that mistaken information about the supposed work of the painters Pietro Rotari and Francesco Fontebasso in the palaces of the Courlandian dukes first appeared in public. Thanks to Wilhelm Neumann, these falsehoods were promoted in the artists' lexicon of Thieme-Becker. The work of the painter Friedrich Hartmann Barisien in the palaces of the dukes was misinterpreted, and the sculptor Johann Michael Graff was confused with the painter Anton Graff. Boris Vipper tried to move the analysis of Rastrelli's work in a more original direction in his ‘Latvijas maksla baroka laikmeta' (Latvian art in the Baroque period) in 1937, but he, too, produced a series of errors and unjustified conclusions. Art historian Anna Muller-Eschebach's doctoral dissertation in 1939 marked a turning point in the research of buildings which Rastrelli built in Latvia (or which were attributed to him) from the perspective of fact, stylistic analysis, and modem methodologies of the age.

REMBRANDT IN RUNDALE PALACE (Rembrants Rundales pili)

75%

Lancmanis I.

Makslas Vesture un Teorija

2006

vol. 6-7

13-15

Rembrandt's painting 'Anna and Simeon in the Temple' is one of the most valuable artworks ever to have been in Latvia. Under the title of 'Hannah und Simeon im Tempel', it is now part of the collection of the Hamburger Kunsthalle. The painting was made between 1627 and 1628 but in 1632 it was in the collection of Netherlands Stadhoulder Frederick Hendrick in The Hague. In 1735 it was sold at the auction of Marinus de Jeude's collection in The Hague. The artwork moved to Paris, firstly to the Count de Lassay collection but in 1771 it was sold at the auction of Count de la Guiche's collection. The very same year it was sold at the auction of the collection of its new owner, Count Jean du Barry. The painting then moved from Jean Baptiste Lebrun's antique art shop to Everard Georg van Tindinghorste's collection. Peter, the Duke of Courland, bought it at the auction of the van Tindinghorste property in Amsterdam in 1777. So Rembrandt's painting has been in Latvia between 1777 and 1795 when Duke Peter abdicated and moved furnishings from six palaces in Courland to his properties in Sagan, Nahod and Berlin. After Duke Peter's death in 1800 the most of his collection of paintings remained in Sagan Palace, which had been inherited by his eldest daughter Wilhelmine. She died in 1839 and left the Sagan property to her sister Pauline. In 1800 she had married Friedrich Hermann, successor to the throne of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, but their son, Friedrich Wilhelm (Constantin), the last reigning Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, sold the Sagan property in 1843 to his mother's sister, the Duchess Dorothée de Talleyrand. In 1846 the catalogue of the Sagan Palace picture gallery was compiled and included Rembrandt's work.

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THE ACTIVITIES OF FRANCESCO BARTOLOMEO RASTRELLI AS REFLECTED IN LATVIAN ART HISTORY (Francesko Bartolomeo Rastrelli darbiba Latvija makslas vestures atspogulojuma)

REMBRANDT IN RUNDALE PALACE (Rembrants Rundales pili)