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1

Anfänge der Liberalisierung des Eisenbahngüterverkehrs in Tschechien

100%

Ječný R.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2017

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issue 25

84-86

EN

The subject of this study is a historical analysis of the newest history of rail freight transportation in the Czech Republic, starting from the establishment of independent Czech Railways in 1993 to the opening of freight transportation to international competition after joining the EU in 2005. This period is characteristic for certain basic changes in more than 150 years long history of railways transport. It is significant for the detachment of railroads from the actual conveyance of trains and for the opening of rail market to other carriers and thus setting the competition to the market. These changes took place throughout period of deep restructuring of Czech industrial and energetic business environment, finding railways totally unprepared. The opening part of this study is reflecting the first known reform models in Europe — Britain and Germany — which were followed by the legal regulations of European Community. Their role was to raise the attractiveness of the railway transportation due to the market liberalization. Despite the formal opening of the Czech railroads to other carriers already in 1994 the state company Czech Railways possessed far enough strength to block potential competition. Therefore, the first external competition recruited from the existing big business partners of the Czech Railways, i.e. OKD Transport and Unipetrol Transport. Both companies owned trains, wagons and could facilitate large siding tracks areas. Besides mentioned, they disposed of enormous bargaining power which enabled them to be competitors to Czech Railways just as partners. Similar way, thanks to the construction contracts on railways, the company Viamont emerged. The author pays special attention to the openings of international crossings. Here, in this sector, the Czech Railways managed to hold monopoly until 2005. Liberalization of the railway market and its opening to competition lasted for more than 10 years. Throughout this period the Czech government tried repeatedly to reform even the state owned railway companies. Nevertheless, these reforms were very cautious and gentle, primarily due to the strong position of unions which blocked any major changes. Even though the state Czech Railways, or rather the CD Cargo could hold dominant market position after 2005, the market managed to become fully competitive and comparable to other EU markets according to the level of liberalization.

2

Pociąg transosobowy. Wykolejone epifanie a queerowe zdarzenia w twórczości Mirona Białoszewskiego

88%

Kaliściak T.

pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi

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2023

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vol. 14

32-47

EN

This article discusses the presence of railway epiphanies in the works of Miron Białoszewski, in particular their reference to queer events, understood as the presence of non-heteronormative meaning or desire. I examine the presence of trams, subways and railways in Białoszewski’s trips to Paris, Budapest and New York. Travelling by train can induce transgressive impulses and is often an occasion for expressing hidden tendencies, for instance homosexual behaviours. The experience of the train journey, which builds up weariness and drowsiness, can contribute to people experiencing a lack of boundaries and limits around them, with the consequence of everything becoming more confusing, obscure, and fluid. The movement of the train can cause a trance state, and due to the walking between the world of the conscious and subconscious mind, passengers evolve into “transpersons”, that is to say people “in the transition”, “on the way”, and “between”. Their gender becomes fluid, mobile, and “in motion”. This paper also analyses the figure of “derailed person” used by Artur Sandauer when comparing Białoszewski to Genet as a means of encoding homosexuality, here understood as a figure of the queer “derailment” of heteronormativity.

3

Change in management system in the public sector illustrated with the example of the railway infrastructure in Poland

63%

Postuła M.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2016

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vol. 273

219-241

EN

Management in the public sector considerably differs from the measures applied in the private sector. Fundamentally, this is attributable to different scopes of tasks fulfilled by these two categories of economic entities – largely stemming from the fact that activities of the state while simultaneously performing its functions are not geared towards generating profit. Nevertheless, with the economic growth and the impact exercised by the globalising economy triggering a shift in the role played by the state in economic governance, tendencies to leverage certain experiences from the private sector in the public management move to the foreground. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate the change in the manner in which public tasks are managed in Poland as illustrated by the case of railways, and to show a new system which, given the considerable universalism of solutions employed, may set the pattern for other states (specifically in Central and Eastern Europe) which went through a similar transformation process. The point of reference for the specific management system elements addressed in the paper is also the second edition of the EU Transport Scoreboard issued by the European Commission which compares Member States performance in 29 transport-related categories.

PL

Zarządzanie w sektorze publicznym znacząco różni się od rozwiązań mających zastosowanie w sektorze prywatnym. Jest to spowodowane odmiennym zakresem zadań realizowanych przez te dwie kategorie podmiotów życia gospodarczego – wynikającym głównie z faktu, iż działalność państwa przy jednoczesnym wypełnianiu swoich funkcji nie jest ukierunkowana na osiąganie zysku. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie zmiany sposobu zarządzania zadaniami publicznymi w Polsce na przykładzie kolei, a także zaprezentowanie nowego systemu, co, biorąc pod uwagę znaczny uniwersalizm zastosowanych rozwiązań, może stanowić przykład dla innych krajów (zwłaszcza Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej), które przeszły proces transformacji. Punkt odniesienia dla ujętych w artykule poszczególnych elementów systemu zarządzania stanowi także opublikowane przez Komisję Europejską 20 listopada 2015 r. drugie wydanie tzw. tabeli wyników UE w dziedzinie transportu, która porównuje postępy państw członkowskich w 29 kategoriach transportowych. Warto w tym miejscu zaznaczyć, że choć obecna pozycja Polski jest odległa, co wynika m.in. z ugruntowanej pozycji i jakości infrastruktury kolejowej krajów tzw. starej Unii, to w większości obszarów zanotowano wzrost względem poprzedniego badania. Co więcej, biorąc pod uwagę fakt, iż proces modernizacji ma charakter wieloletni, przyjmuje się, że efekty prowadzonych działań w coraz większym stopniu będą widoczne w kolejnych edycjach rankingu.

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1 Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

1 Studia Ekonomiczne

1 pl.it / rassegna italiana di argomenti polacchi

1 Ječný R.

1 Kaliściak T.

1 Postuła M.

1 2023

1 2017

1 2016

Anfänge der Liberalisierung des Eisenbahngüterverkehrs in Tschechien

Pociąg transosobowy. Wykolejone epifanie a queerowe zdarzenia w twórczości Mirona Białoszewskiego

Change in management system in the public sector illustrated with the example of the railway infrastructure in Poland