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Radźasthani – początki języka i literatury

100%
Turek A.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
|
2019
|
issue 2 (270)
157-170
EN
The paper presents a general introduction of Rajasthani – the language used in North-Western India – the development of the language and the beginnings of Rajasthani literature. It also draws attention to the complexity of linguistic nomenclature used for Rajasthani and to its relation with other North Indian languages, with a special regard to Hindi. The rise of literary tradition in the vernacular of North-Western India and its connection with the history of Hindi literature is analysed. Rajasthani is considered to be the first vernacular of North India in which literature has evolved, and hence predates the oldest works from the region known as Hindi belt by at least two hundred years. Rajasthani and Gujarati used to have one linguistic form, which only split into two languages after the 15th century whereby Rajasthani adopted its modern form, still used today, and Gujarati developed independently. The claims of some scholars that the initial literary period of North-Western India – i.e. until the 15th century – be included in the history of Hindi literature are also presented in the paper.
2

A Child of the City: a Longitudinal Study of Stratification and Migration in a Rajasthan Village

86%
Jones J. H. M.
International Review of Social Research
|
2016
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3
107-117
EN
By reference to a multi-caste and tribal village in southern Rajasthan the paper examines the degree to which caste and tribal membership impacts on different aspects of migration, e.g. commencement, form, destination, duration, and types of work undertaken. Using a livelihoods approach, supplemented by other perspectives and concentrating on four migration streams (three domestic, one international), data collected over a period of nearly thirty-five years indicates that patterns of migration are far from random. It is argued that the use of official stratification categories in migration surveys can obscure important differences within caste groupings. Short-term circular migration, underestimated in national surveys, is shown to be substantial, especially for the tribal migrants in the village. While position in the social structure differentially affects aspects of migration across the village hierarchy, examples are given of individual migrant agency overcoming structural constraints.
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