Search results

1

Access Pricing Under Imperfect Competition

100%

Onemli M.

Review of Economic Perspectives

|

2012

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vol. 12

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issue 1

22-41

EN

The study investigates optimal access charges when the downstream markets are imperfectly competitive. Optimal access charges have been examined in the literature mainly under the condition where only the incumbent has market power. However, network industries tend to exhibit an oligopolistic market structure. Therefore, the optimal access charge under imperfect competition is an important consideration when regulators determine access charges. This essay investigates some general principles for setting optimal access charges when downstream markets are imperfectly competitive. One of the primary objectives of this essay is to show the importance of the break-even constraint when first-best access charges are not feasible. Specifically, we show that when the first-best access charges are not feasible, the imposition of the break-even constraint on only the upstream profit of the incumbent is superior to the case where break-even constraint applies to overall incumbent profit, where the latter is the most commonly used constraint in the access pricing literature. Bypass and its implications for optimal access charges and welfare are also explored.

2

Against the Wind: The Difficult Task of a Fisheries Researcher in the Early 20th Century

100%

Coelho M. P.

Roczniki Socjologii Morskiej

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2013

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vol. 22

19-26

EN

In his seminal paper, Gordon (1954) argued that, in a situation of open access and competition, the market would not lead to the most efficient solution in resource use. Almost four decades earlier, in 1911, a Danish economist, Jens Warming, put this issue and made a very similar analysis for the fisheries sector. This research makes a reflection on the proposed explanation for the common property problem and asks what went wrong and why the important achievements of Warming had not the justified academic applause and practical impact.

3

The European Composite Administration Facing the Challenges of Migration

88%

Kohtamäki N.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

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2021

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vol. 25

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issue 3

7-25

XX

In classical theoretical reflections on international reality, one of the leading paradigms is the belief that the Westphalian order based on sovereign states has evolved into a diverse network of interdependent actors. From a legal perspective, a network such as this has the character of multi-level normative linkages. Legislation with varying degrees of impact in terms of its binding force is enacted within a number of parallel consultative bodies. Within the EU this network takes on a concretised, institutionalnormative dimension, the so-called European Composite Administration which is evident in specific areas such as cyber security, asylum and migration policies, energy, and financial market regulation. In the European Union, decentralised agencies play a leading role in a such compound bureaucracy. They are one of the main instruments in the European system for harmonising regulation and practices in specific areas of EU activity. In a crisis situation there is an increasing tendency to modify their powers. Within the European Composite Administration, bodies such as EASO, the agency responsible for migration and asylum policies, play a key coordinating role between the Member States. The crisis legitimises institutional changes, by expanding the catalogue of regulatory agencies' competencies. While practitioners, especially in individual offices in the Member States, may find such processes acceptable in relation to the ideal of efficient and effective administration, these phenomena may be regarded as worrying from the point of view of control over a growing complex integrated administrative apparatus.

4

Prioritising National Competitiveness over Support for Democracy? Finnish Media Policy in the 21st Century

88%

Ala-Fossi M., Grönlund M., Hellman H., Lehtisaari K., Karppinen K., Nieminen H.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

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2022

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vol. 26

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issue 4

149-175

EN

Ever since the launch of the World Press Freedom Index almost 20 years ago, Finland has always been among the top five countries of that index. According to the annual Reuters Digital News reports, Finnish people also have the highest level of trust in the news media and one of the highest levels of press readership in the EU. Most of the media companies are doing quite well, while Google and Facebook have a much less dominant role in the advertising market than elsewhere in Europe. In this context, you might expect Finland to have a comprehensive and visionary media and communications policy to support democracy. However, our meta-study of Finnish media and communications policy based on two recent reports to the Ministry of Transport and Communications, other earlier studies, along with official documents as well as statistical data suggests that is not the case. Our analysis shows that most decisions have been pragmatic ad hoc solutions serving economic interests rather than any specific media and communication policy goals. A closer examination also proves that Finland does not fi t into the Nordic Media Welfare State model either, despite a long, shared history and cultural ties.

5

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS AND REGULATION IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVE

88%

Ayomitunde A. T., Olubunmi A. B., Lanke B, Awomailo, Omotayo O. H.

International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences

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2019

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vol. 9(1)

155-166

EN

The aim of this study is to examine the long run equilibrium relationship between regu-lation and FDI inflows in Nigeria over the period of 1990 to 2016 which past studies have failed to explore. Consequently, the study utilized data from UNCTAD, World Bank database, CBN Statistical Bulletin and Cointegration, DOLS and Granger Cau-sality approach was used to address the objective of this study. However, the major findings in this study are summarized as follows. Government effectiveness, rule of law and inflation rate have a significant positive relationship with FDI inflows in Nigeria in the long run, apart from regulation quality that is not significant. This implies that regulation is favorable to the inflows of cross border investment in the country. In addition, there is a unidirectional feedback relationship which runs from FDI inflows to regulation quality and one way feedback relationship runs from the rule of law to government effective-ness in the country. Finally, due to the findings that emerged from this study, the fol-lowing recommendations are made for the policy makers, investors and future re-searchers in Nigeria that when attraction of FDI inflows are the target of the policy makers in the country, improving variables like rule of law, government effectiveness and regulation quality will induce the inflows of cross border investment accordingly in the long run. Also, the Nigerian government should be committed to the provision of a sound business environment in the form of good government regulations to ensure rapid inflows of FDI in the country.

6

Opinia w sprawie wniosku dotyczącego rozporządzenia Rady w sprawie ustanowienia Prokuratury Europejskiej

88%

Zreda M.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2013

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issue 3(39)

105-120

EN

The proposal is part of the package of documents submitted by the European Commission to improve the institutional system of protection of the interests of the Union. As concerns the organization of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office, the author contests the decentralized nature of that authority proposed by the European Commission. He points out the vague wording of some pars of the proposal. In his view, doubts relate to the independence of prosecutors exercising the functions of European Delegated Prosecutors. He opts for limiting the jurisdiction of that authority. According to the author, the proposed regulation does not violate the principle of proportionality. He concludes that joint investigation and prosecution of perpetrators of offences against the Union’s financial interests are in common interest of both Poland and the EU.

7

Shale gas in Poland: An analysis of tax mechanisms and dynamic interactions

88%

Walentek D.

Journal of Economics and Management

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2016

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vol. 26

128-149

EN

This is a preliminary research into possible taxation mechanisms for firms that will be operating in the shale gas industry in Poland and potential market interactions between the incumbents and the entrants. The study places focus on the level of welfare and it includes a static and a dynamic analysis. The result of the former is that the lump sum tax is the first best of all considered tax mechanisms for the Polish shale gas from the welfare perspective. The second best option for taxation is a combination of the current CIT rate and a windfall profit tax. In respect to the dynamic analysis, the results suggest that Gazprom can remain the market leader in Poland even if the shale gas producers start to operate, due to the sequential character of the competition in the Polish natural gas market. Counterintuitively, it will not come at the expenses of the consumers in Poland and it can bring potential welfare gains.

8

Rynki transportowe wobec wyzwań regulacyjnych sektora transportu

75%

Grzelakowski A. S.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2016

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vol. 255

166-175

PL

Przedmiotem opracowania jest charakterystyka mechanizmu funkcjonowania rynków transportowych w UE, postrzeganego w kontekście współczesnych wyzwań, jakie wynikają z konieczności: 1) budowy Jednolitej Europejskiej Przestrzeni Transportowej (JEPT), 2) realizacji strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju transportu, 3) sprostania wymogom rozwoju logistyki. Celem opracowania jest próba dokonania oceny mechanizmu funkcjonowania tego typu rynków jako regulatorów sfery realnej transportu. W artykule przedstawiono i scharakteryzowano każde z wyzwań regulacyjnych, wskazując, iż sprostanie im wymaga dokonania wielu zmian w mechanizmie funkcjonowania rynków transportowych. Podkreślono, że zmiany te można wprowadzić wyłącznie za pomocą mechanizmu regulacji publicznej sektora TSL. Wykazano tym samym, że wyzwania te mają w istocie charakter długookresowych wyzwań strukturalnych i powinny być realizowane w sferze rynków transportowych za pomocą narzędzi polityki transportowej.

EN

In the paper its author has characterized the mechanism of functioning of transport markets in the EU, perceived in the context of contemporary challenges that arise from the need to: 1) building the Single European transport Area (SETA), 2) putting into effect the strategy of sustainable transport development 3) meeting the requirements of the development of logistics and SCM concept. The main aim of the paper is to make an attempt to evaluate of such a kind markets mechanism as a regulators of the real sphere of transport sector. It has been presented and described all of these challenges, indicating that meeting all of them requires making many vital changes in the existing mechanism of the European transport markets. It has been stressed that these changes can be efficiently put into practice only by the mechanism of the public regulation of the transport system. It has been emphasized, too, that these challenges have, in fact, the regulatory nature and they should be implemented in the sphere of the EU transport markets mainly by transport policy measures.

9

(De-) Regulating the Creative Economy

75%

Neuwirth R.

Creative and Knowledge Society

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2011

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vol. 1

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issue 1

44-62

EN

Drastic changes have occurred throughout the past century and the world community is struggling to find the exact concepts to describe, understand and, possibly, govern them. One of the concepts used to describe these changes is the so-called "creative economy". Even though the concept is becoming more frequently used, it lacks a precise definition and its meaning remains elusive. Moreover, the proliferation of related concepts, such as the "experience economy", the "cultural economy", the "knowledge-based economy" and the "creative and cultural industries", further obscures its precise scope and meaning. These concepts are, however, no less elusive, particularly because they are of a dual or oxymoronic character, which variably combines aspects of culture, creativity and intellectual creation on the one hand with those of the economy, business, trade and commerce on the other.In sum, the conceptual uncertainties also translate into major difficulties in finding appropriate regulatory responses in the sphere of law. The aim of the present article is therefore to cast light on the meaning of the concept of the creative economy with a view to paving the way for its better and more efficient regulation in the legal sphere. To this end, the first part offers a comprehensive interpretative analysis of the "creative economy" with a view to establishing its value to the present global governance debate. Based on the evidence that designates the creative economy as an evolving concept requiring a multidisciplinary model for the formulation of an adequate approach in law- and policymaking, the second part discusses some of the creative economy's major implications in the sphere of law. In this regard, several regulatory examples appear to advocate the abandonment of the conventional in favour of a more holistic method of regulation. The article concludes with some recommendations that are deemed useful for further debate and research in this area, which ultimately may contribute to the formulation of the kind of creative laws that are needed for the successful regulation of the creative economy in the future.

10

Convergence Between Kazakhstan’S Financial Systemand International Standards: Overcoming Difficulties

75%

Uvarova N.

DANUBE: Law and Economics Review

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 2

121-129

EN

This article deals with the convergence of the Kazakh financial system with international standards in light of the new, enhanced agreement with the European Union on partnership and cooperation (January 19, 2015). Based on this research, the approaches used by the Kazakh financial system to converge with the European Union (EU) and the mechanism of implementing international standards in the national regulatory framework are determined. In practice, the study provides justification for the necessity of arranging the systematization of existing rules and regulations covering financial activity in the Republic, eliminating discrepancies between the national regulatory framework and international standards, and determining clear security guarantees for foreign investors’ financial activity in the Republic. The research results are primarily focused on the development of public finance management theory. Theories and conclusions present in the study can be used in the educational processes of economic and legal institutions and in the policymaking activity of public finance management bodies.

11

Network Neutrality and Ownership Unbundling in Telecommunication

75%

Danis A.

Creative and Knowledge Society

|

2012

|

vol. 2

|

issue 1

44-59

12

EU Competition Law Put to the Brexit Test: What Impact Might the Exit of the UK from the Union Have on the Enforcement of the Competition Rules?

75%

Andreangeli A.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2018

|

vol. 11(17)

7-27

EN

This contribution examines some of the consequences of the UK’s exit from the European Union for the enforcement of the competition rules. It reflects on the impact that Brexit is going to have on future transnational antitrust litigation in Britain and Europe. Thereafter it analyses the challenges that Brexit is likely to present for cooperation in public competition enforcement and suggests solutions for future development.

FR

Cet article examine les certaines conséquences de la sortie du Royaume-Uni de l’Union européenne sur l’application des règles de concurrence. Il se penche sur l’impact que Brexit va avoir sur les futurs litiges transnationaux en matière d’antitrust en Grande-Bretagne et en Europe. Puis, il analyse les défis que Brexit est susceptible de présenter pour la coopération dans l’application de la coopération publique et suggère des solutions pour le futur développement

13

Polityka państwa w zakresie społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu: przesłanki, narzędzia, ewolucja w XXI wieku

75%

Doś A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2019

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vol. 382

64-79

PL

W najnowszej literaturze następuje ewolucja w podejściu do społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu (CSR). W drugiej dekadzie XXI uznaje się już, że odpowiedzialność ta nie jest wyłącznie wyrazem autoregulacji, lecz że jest potrzebna polityka państwa w tym zakresie. W artykule wskazano, że przesłanki polityki publicznej w ramach CSR wiążą się z promowaniem prywatnego dostarczenia dóbr publicznych, dążeniem do internalizacji negatywnych efektów zewnętrznych, promowania wartości, redukcji wykorzystywania CSR jako metody arbitrażu regulacyjnego oraz z dążeniem do kodefiniowania kierunków społecznej odpowiedzialności. Na podstawie analizy danych zastanych wykazano, że po 2010 roku nastąpił gwałtowny rozwój polityki wspierania CSR w Polsce. Obecnie narzędzia wykorzystywane w tej polityce to narzędzia uprawniania, ułatwiania, partnerowania i popierania. Ułatwiają one budowanie wartości przedsiębiorstw na podstawie CSR oraz uznanie CSR za istotny czynnik legitymizacji.

EN

In the newest literature corporate social responsibility (CSR) is seen more than self-regulation of businesses. It is acknowledged, that state policy to support CSR is necessary. Motives for public policy to support CSR are: promoting private provisioning of public goods, promoting voluntary internalisation of negative externalities, promoting values, reducing CSR as a way to avoid regulatory pressures and governments striving for co-defining CSR directions. In Poland the rapid evolution of state policy for CSR can be observed. The policy now is complex and it includes tools supporting investing comapny’s resources in CSR and tools developing formal and informal institutions which make CSR an important element of business legitimisation.

14

Rozporządzenie ogólne o ochronie danych osobowych (RODO) – nowe wyzwania w zakresie ochrony danych osobowych

51%

Bajorek J.

Securitologia

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2017

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issue 1 (25)

141-155

EN

The aim of this study is to present and discuss the General Regulation on Data Protection - that is, GDPR is to standardize the level of data protection and provide a sense of legal certainty in the processing of personal data in all European Union countries. GDPR also imposes new obligations on entrepreneurs and government administration. Due to severe administrative penalties for non-compliance with GDPR provisions, it is worth already preparing for upcoming regulations. Methodological research appears both in connection with the introduction of the Regulation and the implementation process in the organization of personal data protection.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i omówienie Rozporządzenia ogólnego o ochronie danych osobowych (RODO), które ma ujednolicić poziom ochrony danych i zapewnić poczucie pewności prawnej w zakresie przetwarzania danych osobowych we wszystkich krajach Unii Europejskiej. RODO nakłada też nowe obowiązki na przedsiębiorców i administrację rządową, wprowadza szereg zmian i nowości o charakterze prawnym i informatycznym, a czas na przygotowanie się do zmian kończy się 25 maja 2018 r. Badania metodologiczne pojawiają się zarówno w związku z wprowadzeniem Rozporządzenia, jak i samym procesem wdrażania w organizacja ochrony danych osobowych. Na tym tle rozważa się perspektywy rozwoju i możliwości interpretowania i analizy RODO.

15

Regulacja i deregulacja rynku pracy w Polsce a wzrost gospodarczy

51%

Nowak-Lewandowska R.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2015

|

vol. 213

185-196

PL

Efektywne wykorzystanie zasobów ludzkich stanowi jeden z głównych czynników wzrostu gospodarczego. Aby zapewnić i utrzymać trwały wzrost gospodar¬czy, konieczne jest podjęcie działań w kierunku większej aktywizacji zasobów pracy, jak i uelastycznienia rynku pracy (poprzez deregulację), przy zachowaniu bezpieczeństwa socjalnego (w drodze regulacji). Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wybranych działań państwa w zakresie regu¬lacji i deregulacji rynku pracy w Polsce oraz ich roli w kontekście wzrostu gospodarczego. Autorka zwraca szczególną uwagę na proces uelastycznienia rynku pracy oraz aktywizacji osób starszych.

EN

Effective management of human resources is one of the main factors of the economic growth. To ensure sustainable economic growth, it is necessary to take action towards the greater activation of labour resources, greater labour market flexibility, with the protection of the social security. The aim of this article is to present selected activities of the State in the field of re¬gulation and deregulation of the labour market in Poland in the context of economic growth. The author accents the problem of labour market flexibility and the activation of elderly people.

16

Agriculture and Law in Japanese Society

51%

Shimogaki S.

Investigationes Linguisticae

|

2019

|

issue 43

15-24

EN

This study analyzes the changes in farmland system in Japan. The main policy of post-World War II Japan was regulation of the transfer lease or ownership of farmland, and the conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land considering the importance of farmlands. Paradoxically, this policy created some problems, such subdivision of farmland and ownerless lands. To address these problems, the Farmland Intermediary Management Institution was established in 2014 to accelerate farmland concentration and intensify the power of core farmers. In 2016, The Agricultural Land Act was reformed to make it easier for stock companies to own farmland. And, ICT has enabled us to visualize and verbalize tacit knowledge. This study explores the outcomes of these reforms and other unanswered issues.

Refine search results

Access Pricing Under Imperfect Competition

Against the Wind: The Difficult Task of a Fisheries Researcher in the Early 20th Century

The European Composite Administration Facing the Challenges of Migration

Prioritising National Competitiveness over Support for Democracy? Finnish Media Policy in the 21st Century

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INFLOWS AND REGULATION IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVE

Opinia w sprawie wniosku dotyczącego rozporządzenia Rady w sprawie ustanowienia Prokuratury Europejskiej

Shale gas in Poland: An analysis of tax mechanisms and dynamic interactions

Rynki transportowe wobec wyzwań regulacyjnych sektora transportu

(De-) Regulating the Creative Economy

Convergence Between Kazakhstan’S Financial Systemand International Standards: Overcoming Difficulties

Network Neutrality and Ownership Unbundling in Telecommunication

EU Competition Law Put to the Brexit Test: What Impact Might the Exit of the UK from the Union Have on the Enforcement of the Competition Rules?

Polityka państwa w zakresie społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu: przesłanki, narzędzia, ewolucja w XXI wieku

Rozporządzenie ogólne o ochronie danych osobowych (RODO) – nowe wyzwania w zakresie ochrony danych osobowych

Regulacja i deregulacja rynku pracy w Polsce a wzrost gospodarczy

Agriculture and Law in Japanese Society