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EN
The paraliturgical songs of Greek‑Catholics in the Carpathians are a powerful testimony to the cultural‑religious memory of this community. The most convincing proof of their religious and cultural integrity is the fact that they spontaneously and memorably sing and recite the prescribed prayers, liturgical texts and the relevant parts of the services. Even in the creation and use of paraliturgical hymns, they concentrate on emphasizing their own cultural integrity and awareness. Folk religiosity is evident in a number of paraliturgical songs in which fasting and penitence are depicted. The study is materially limited to Cyrillic manuscript song collections from the 18th and 19th centuries, which are related to the environment of eastern Slovakia. The paraliturgical songs of the pre‑Lenten and Lenten period among Greek Catholics in the Carpathian Mountains are dominated not only by the Biblical stories of the Publican and the Pharisee, of the Prodigal Son, of the terrible or Last Judgment, of the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise, of Christ’s Passion and entombment, but also, and above all, by the vivid folk understanding of the value of returning to God’s embrace.
EN
In the context of Romanian folkloric tradition, the carol represents one of the oldest cultural elements. The first part of this article defines the genre and functions of the Romanian carol, and explains that its basic function is the conveyance of wishes, referring to all aspects of the social and personal life of the recipient. As far as the nature of the carol is concerned, the second part of the article reveals some characteristics of the sense and symbol of the religious carol, concluding that carols are part of those traditional texts and melodies that can be called Eucharistic chants. Their preservation and practice in different areas of the country highlight their worth, as they essentially represent liturgical echoes arising from the ethnogenesis of the Romanian nation.
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