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EN
The article is focused on public diplomacy viewed as the instrument of soft power of the state and the ability to persuade and create reputation as well as cultural and institutional attractiveness. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the importance of the correct formation of priorities and values of the state, and skillful national branding. The authors pay a particular attention to the foreign policy of the Republic of Finland in the context of public diplomacy service. Hence, developmental phases of the Finnish public diplomacy were given. In addition, a special attention was paid to the functional features of public authorities with reference to public diplomacy viewed as an important factor in international relations and the national interest protection of Finland. Therefore, the spheres of public diplomacy such as the cultural, educational-scientic, public, or digital diplomacy of Finland are under analysis, too. Additionally, the means and methods of public diplomacy, including those practiced in Ukraine were under particular attention. Thus, a special emphasis was put on the national brandmark and international position of the State. Based on the conducted empirical research which conrms the necessity of further cooperation between Ukraine and Finland, aimed at implementation of public diplomacy tools, there were given recommendations concerning the execution of the means and methods of "soft power".
EN
The study is an attempt to describe and analyse the first constitutional act of independent Finland. The Constitution Act of 1919 defined the Finnish political system. Although it was an object of ideological arguments (monarchist vs. republican tradition), its provisions, and especially the strong position of the president as an executive power with legislative competences, resulted from a compromise. Despite that, the classical division into three powers was introduced into the Finnish political and legal system. The act was not ideal, yet at that stage in the history of Finland it was an expected result of a compromise with strong constitutional foundation for the political and legal progress of a developing country.
PL
W studium podjęto się próby przedstawienia i zbadania pierwszego aktu o charakterze konstytucyjnym wydanego w niepodległej Finlandii: Aktu o Formie rządów z 1919 r. Dokument przede wszystkim jednoznacznie zdefiniował formę rządów, która wcześniej była przedmiotem licznych sporów ideologicznych (tradycje monarchistyczne contra idee republikańskie), co doprowadziło nawet do wybuchu wojny domowej. Osiągając kompromis, do fińskiego porządku prawnego wprowadzono urząd prezydenta z silną władzą wykonawczą i licznymi kompetencjami ustawodawczymi, wybieranego w pośrednich wyborach powszechnych. Rzeczywista pozycja ustrojowa prezydenta została zatem bardzo silnie ugruntowana. Pomimo tego, w fińskim systemie konstytucyjnym zastosowano klasyczny trójpodział władzy (legislatywa nie została unormowana w badanym akcie). Akt o Formie rządów z 1919 r. był na ówczesnym etapie rozwoju fińskiej państwowości dokumentem niezbędnym i wyczekiwanym. Nie była to ustawa doskonała, ale przepisy w niej zawarte, dzięki kompromisowemu charakterowi, umożliwiły dalszy rozwój fińskiego państwa oparty na solidnych fundamentach ustrojowych.
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