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The article provides an overview of the history of Zimbabwe in the context of economical, structural and social factors. It tries to answer a question, what were the main reasons that affected Zimbabwe’s development after gaining independence in 1980. It describes pre-colonial and colonial times as well as president Mugabe’s era, that ended with a military coup in November 2017. It portrays issues such as the after-effect of colonialism, land reform, political regime, internal struggles and conflicts between the ruling party ZANU-PF and opposition parties, hyperinflation crisis, as well as economic indicators like GDP, public and external debt, level of education and health care. In the context of upcoming elections in 2018, the article deliberates whether meaningful changes in the country’s situation are possible in the nearest future and what it will take to achieve them.
PL
Wojna w Rodezji w latach 1965–1980 jest w Europie stosunkowo mało znana. Zmagania rządu rodezyjskiego z rosnącym w siłę ruchem partyzanckim inspirowanym i finansowanym przez kraje komunistyczne są znane głownie z historiografii anglosaskiej. U progu konfliktu siły bezpieczeństwa Rodezji były zorganizowane w sposób konwencjonalny, według wzorców stosowanych w brytyjskich wojskach kolonialnych. Czas trwania wojny spowodował ewolucję wszystkich formacji wchodzących w skład sił bezpieczeństwa Rodezji i wykształcenie bardzo skutecznych metod działań przeciw partyzanckich i antyterrorystycznych, realizowanych przez wysoko wyspecjalizowane formacje wojskowe, policyjne i służby specjalne. Wśród żołnierzy i policjantów rodezyjskich walczyli w tym konflikcie również potomkowie Polaków, którzy wyemigrowali po zakończeniu II wojny światowej.
EN
The war in Rhodesia in 1965–1980 is little known in Europe. The Rhodesian government’s struggle with the partisan movement inspired and financed by communist states are known mostly from the historical literature of English-speaking countries. On the threshold of the conflict, the security forces of Rhodesia were organised conventionally, according to the standards used in British colonial armies. The duration of the war caused an evolution of all the troops forming Rhodesia’s security forces and the development of very effective methods of action against partisans and terrorists, carried out by highly-specialised military, police and special forces troops. The descendants of Poles who emigrated there after the Second World War also fought in that conflict among Rhodesian police officers and soldiers.
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