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„Czerwona konnica”. Stan organizacyjny kawalerii RKKA od połowy lat 30. do momentu wybuchu wojny niemiecko-sowieckiej w czerwcu 1941 r.

100%
Smoliński A.
UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
|
2020
|
vol. 17
|
issue 4
52-71
EN
The cavalry of the Workers ’and Peasants ’Red Army was an important component, meant mostly for offensive purposes. As a result, for the whole period from the end of Russian Civil War to the outbreak of German-Soviet war in June 1941 work was being done on the development of its large units, like brigades, divisions and corps - and even mounted armies. Ways to use them on a modern battlefield were searched for, in order to for them to cooperate with modern mechanized and armoured formations. That is why the author, based on archival sources and plentiful subject literaturemainly Russian, presented its state of organization and size, as well as the changes which occurred in the second half of the 1930’s and on the eve of the Great Patriotic War from 1941–1945.
PL
Kawaleria Robotniczo-Chłopskiej Armii Czerwonej stanowiła jej ważny komponent przeznaczony głównie do działań ofensywnych. Przez cały czas od zakończenia rosyjskiej wojny domowej aż do wybuchu wojny niemiecko-sowieckiej w czerwcu 1941 r. trwały prace nad rozbudową jej wielkich jednostek, mianowicie brygad, dywizji i korpusów – a nawet armii konnych. Poszukiwano też optymalnych metod wykorzystania kawalerii na nowoczesnym polu walki, gdzie miała działać wraz z nowoczesnymi formacjami zmechanizowanymi i pancernymi. W artykule autor na podstawie źródeł archiwalnych oraz bogatej literatury przedmiotu – głównie rosyjskojęzycznej – przedstawił stan organizacyjny oraz liczebność kawalerii, a także zmiany w tej formacji, które nastąpiły w drugiej połowie lat 30. oraz w przededniu wielkiej wojny ojczyźnianej z lat 1941–1945.
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Zachodnia Dywizja Strzelecka Armii Czerwonej. Przyczynek do dziejów polskojęzycznych formacji Robotniczo-Chłopskiej Armii Czerwonej w latach 1917–1919

83%
Smoliński A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
|
2019
|
issue 105
59-84
EN
In the study the Author has tackled the issue of social and political circumstances, as well as the methods of forming Polish-speaking units of Red Army, namely the Western Rifles Division, by Polish-speaking and Polish communists staying in Soviet Russia. He was also interested in the actual motives – primarily political ones – which were driving the authorities of communist Russia when they agreed to form Polish speaking military units on their territory. At the same time, the Author has also determined the actual results of the organizational actions taken then, as well as the reasons why the Soviets decided to end the existence of the Western Rifles Division in the summer of 1919.
PL
W studium autor zajął się kwestią okoliczności społecznych i politycznych, a także metodami formowania przez polskojęzycznych i polskich komunistów przebywających w sowieckiej Rosji polskojęzycznych formacji Armii Czerwonej, mianowicie Zachodniej Dywizji Strzeleckiej. Interesowały go również rzeczywiste motywy, przede wszystkim polityczne, które kierowały władzami bolszewickiej Rosji, gdy godziły się one na formowanie na podległym im terytorium polskojęzycznych formacji wojskowych. Jednocześnie ustalił on, jakie były realne efekty podejmowanych wówczas działań organizacyjnych oraz przyczyny rezygnacji przez Sowiety latem 1919 r. z dalszego istnienia Zachodniej Dywizji Strzeleckiej.
3
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Próba oceny wartości poznawczej akt pozostałych po Oddziale II Sztabu Głównego Wojska Polskiego w kontekście możliwości opisu sytuacji wojskowej, ekonomicznej i społecznej ZSRS w latach 1921-1939

43%
Smoliński A.
Archiwa – Kancelarie – Zbiory
|
2012
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issue 3(5)
s. 55 - 94
EN
Virtually throughout the whole period of 1921-1939 the political relations between Poland and USSR could be characterized by far-reaching distrust. This meant that both countries led against each other a large-scale intelligence. Polish armed forces military intelligence was mainly led by Division II of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces. Its aim was to identify and assess, as understood in wider context, Soviet military capabilities, especially the Workers and Peasants Red Army forces, as well as the Soviet communication system and capabilities of the military industry and industry which could have potential of supporting military efforts of the state and its armed forces. No less important task of the officers and employees of the Division II of the General Staff was to protect its own military capability against the Soviet military intelligence penetration. Author of this article undertook the analysis of the quantity, content and information value of the remaining archives of the Division II presently spread across several state archives in Poland, as well as archives abroad. These documents are crucial in understanding the extent and impact of its intelligence activities in years 1921-1939 targeting the USSR. Author's deliberations and conclusions were mainly formulated based on the most significant, most comprehensive and most valuable archival units of that collection currently held in Poland in the Central Military Archives and the New Records Archives, as well as archives of this creator which are part of archival collections in the Russian State Military Archive in Moscow, which also incorporated the former Storage Centre, Historical-Documentary Collection. Author's painstaking study shows, that it is difficult to overestimate the value of Division II archives when conducting research on Soviet threat to Poland in the interwar period. Similar, it is also difficult to assess the Soviet military capabilities at this time, and their various phenomena of economic, social and political nature, which occurred in the former USSR. Therefore, this archival collection may be a significant and valuable source of information for Soviet research. To this day we have preserved many records from different units of the Division II that may be considered very interesting and valuable research material. This material could considerably enhance our understanding of the level of knowledge of the Polish state on matters regarding Soviet Union in the years 1921-1939. From a research point of view, it is important that these documents do not relate exclusively to the military matters, even though dominant, but they provide description of all aspects of political, social and economic life of the country.
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